The Laplacian and normalized Laplacian energy of G are given by expressions EL(G) = ∑n i=1 |μi − d|, EL(G) = ∑n i=1 |λi − 1|, respectively, where μi and λi are the eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix L and normalized Laplacian matrix L of G. An interesting problem in spectral graph theory is to find graphs {L,L}−noncospectral with the same E{L,L}(G). In this paper, we present graphs of order n, whi...

where j = i and gi(u1, u2) := (μi − γii ui − γij uj) ui. In the above, the given data is as follows: v is an environmental potential, c i ∈ R≥0, ai ∈ R>0 are diffusion coefficients, bi ∈ R are transport coefficients, μi ∈ R≥0 are the intrinsic growth rates, and γii ∈ R≥0 are intra-specific, whereas γij , i = j, ∈ R≥0 are interspecific competition coefficients. In addition to showing well-posedn...

این پژوهش با الهام گرفتن از نتایج یک طرح مطالعاتی کاربردی، رویکرد سلسله­‌مراتبی جهت پیگیری فرایند توسعه تأمین‌کنندگان و حمایت تصمیمات موجود در هر مراحل آن ارائه‌ می‌کند. ابتدا، زمینه‌های تأمین نیازمند سپس واجد شرایط هریک زمینه‌ها به کمک تصمیم‌گیری چندشاخصه بهترین-بدترین مشخص می‌گردند. معیارهای شناسایی نیز مرور مطالعات پیشین بهره‌گیری نظرات خبرگان حوزه‌ی خرید استخراج‌شده‌اند. درنهایت، مدل ریاضی ...

The novel polycrystalline Bi0.85Gd0.15CuxFe1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10) multiferroics are synthesized by the usual solid-state reaction route. synthesis of desired phase has been verified X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. With major structural phases, few traces secondary phases Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi25FeO40 appear for all compositions. A discontinuous series changes with varying compositio...

We study pion condensation and the phase structure in a two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in the presence of baryon chemical potential μ and isospin chemical potential μI at zero and finite temperature. There is a competition between the chiral condensate and a Bose-Einstein condensate of charged pions. In the chiral limit, the chiral condensate vanishes for any finite value of the isospin ch...

where Mλ,μ is a multiplicity space on which g acts trivially, of dimension Kλ,μ which can be computed from the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients or the Littlewood-Richardson rule. The Schur-Weyl duality concerns the case where μ = (1) for all i. In that case, there is an action of the symmetric group SN on the tensor product by permutation of factors, which centralizes the action of sln. In this case...