statement of problem: fixed orthodontic appliances can interfere with removing bacterial plaques from dental surfaces which can ultimately lead to white spot formation. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity of white spots and areas of decalcification following fixed orthodontic treatment. materials and methods: a total of 100 patients undergoing or scheduled for fixed orth...

Wild animals are a primary source of protein (bushmeat) for people living in or near tropical forests. Ideally, the effect of bushmeat harvests should be monitored closely by making regular estimates of offtake rate and size of stock available for exploitation. However, in practice, this is possible in very few situations because it requires both of these aspects to be readily measurable, and e...

This 320 pages book is a great tool to teach the most common pediatrics problems. It includes 21 chapters that cover the most important fields of pediatrics with a good emphasis on growth and development, as well as fluids and electrolytes. The tables on developmental milestones according to chronological age help in memorizing those milestones and in teaching young pediatricians how to practic...

accreditation is an assessment tools of health systems especially hospitals, that is a top priority of the ministry of health and medical education in iran but other countries that have implemented this program faced challenges. since the accreditation program is in the initial stages of implementation in iran, this study review other studies to find probable downsides of the program to extract...

drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the changes in protein in order to investigate the proteome of wheat leaves in response to terminal drought, two genotypes susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fe...

what is called the problems of tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies ofurban planning in our country. since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to tehran, irregular growth of urban population, inconsistency with urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing fabric in most area...

A Quick guide to Love Spots: striking male-specific regions of the eye found in some insects that are used for detecting and chasing females.