Competence is a physiological state, distinct from sporulation and vegetative growth, that enables cells to bind and internalize transforming DNA. The transcriptional regulator ComK drives the development of competence in Bacillus subtilis. ComK is directly required for its own transcription as well as for the transcription of the genes that encode DNA transport proteins. When ComK is sequester...

The formation, chemical, and thermal processing of complex organic molecules (COMs) is currently a topic of much interest in interstellar chemistry. The isomers glycolaldehyde, methyl formate, and acetic acid are particularly important because of their role as pre-biotic species. It is becoming increasingly clear that many COMs are formed within interstellar ices which are dominated by water. H...

Astrophysical observations show complex organic molecules (COMs) in the gas phase of protoplanetary disks. X-rays emitted from central young stellar object (YSO) that irradiate interstellar ices disk, followed by ejection phase, are a possible route to explain abundances observed cold regions. This process, known as X-ray photodesorption, needs be quantified for methanol-containing ices. We aim...

Abstract Recent astrochemical models and experiments have explained that complex organic molecules (COMs; composed of six or more atoms) are produced on the dust grain mantles in cold dense gas prestellar cores. However, detailed chemical processes roles physical conditions chemistry still far from understood. To address these questions, we investigated 12 high-mass star-forming regions using A...

Abstract The presence of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the interstellar medium is great interest since it may link to origin and prevalence life universe. Aiming investigate occurrence COMs their possible origins, we conducted a chemical census toward sample protostellar cores as part Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps project. We report ...

Previously: • Administrative basics, introduction and high-level overview • Concept classes and the relationships among them: DNF formulas, decision trees, decision lists, linear and polynomial threshold functions. • The Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning model. • PAC learning linear threshold functions in poly(n, 1/ , log 1/δ) time • PAC learning polynomial threshold functions. Toda...

Consider a scenario where you have to repeatedly make a decision on some important matter, and each decision has some quantifiable consequence which you would like to optimize. Formally, suppose there are T rounds of this decision-making game. In each round, you (the “learner”) must choose between two actions, {−1,+1}. Your adversary (Nature) picks one of the actions for that round to be correc...

The charge injection from metallic electrodes into hole transporting layers of organic devices often suffers from deviations from vacuum-level alignment at the interface. Even for weakly interacting cases, Pauli repulsion causes an interface dipole between the metal and conjugated organic molecules (COMs) (so called "push-back" or "cushion" effect), which leads notoriously to an increase of the...

PURPOSE To recalculate the radiation doses delivered to structures of interest within the eye, i.e., the lens, tumor apex, 5-mm point, optic disk, and macula for patients treated with eye plaque radiotherapy on the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) Medium Tumor Trial, using updated dosimetric data. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using the Plaque Simulator planning system, doses were recalcula...

BACKGROUND The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is a 3-arm study that includes two multicenter randomized clinical trials designed to compare the effectiveness of brachytherapy to enucleation for treatment of medium-size choroidal melanomas, and the effectiveness of enucleation with and without preoperative external-beam radiotherapy for large choroidal melanomas. The third arm is an ...