BACKGROUND Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), although inserted to reduce heavy menstruation, causes irregular early transient bleeding. The objective of the study was to document quantitative changes in endometrial vessels of short- (< or =3 months) and long-term (> or =12 months) LNG users. The area, density and maturation of endometrial vessels were quantified in 19 endo...

OBJECTIVE To compare real-life clinical outcomes with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and conventional medical therapies (CMTs), including combined oral contraceptives and oral progestins in the treatment of idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in South Korea. METHODS This prospective, observational cohort study recruited a total of 647 women aged 18 to 45 year...

STUDY QUESTION What are the regression and hysterectomy rates for women treated with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) compared with oral progestogens for endometrial hyperplasia (EH)? SUMMARY ANSWER The LNG-IUS achieves higher regression and lower hysterectomy rates than oral progestogens in the treatment of complex and atypical hyperplasia. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY T...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with conventional medical treatment in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinical trials registries (from inception to April 2014)...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OCs), the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and surgical management in treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in women not desiring additional children. METHOD A Markov model was constructed from the perspective of the health services payers for a 5-year period. Treatment costs, DUB...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-oestradiol (NOMAC/E2) on haemostasis, lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with those of a COC containing levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol (LNG/EE). METHODS In a randomised, open-label study, 121 healthy women, 18-50 ye...

BACKGROUND Cases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) following levonorgestrel (LNG) emergency contraception (EC) failure were reported, however, the effects of LNG on tubal microenvironment or chorionic villi in EP have not yet been documented. METHODS Fifty-five women with tubal pregnancy were divided into two groups according to whether LNG-EC was administrated during the cycle of conception. The ser...

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has proven to be the most effective medical treatment in reducing the amount of menstrual blood loss. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying menorrhagia and/or accounting for the therapeutic effect of the LNG-IUS are still obscure. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the distribution of sex steroid receptors and...

PURPOSE Silexan is an oral Lavender oil preparation with proven anxiolytic efficacy. Given the high prevalence of anxiety and restlessness in younger women, oral contraceptives and Silexan will likely be co-administered. METHODS A double-blind, randomised, 2-period crossover study was performed to investigate the effects of Silexan on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Microgynon(®)...

In the present study, Xenopus laevis tadpoles were chronically exposed to four concentrations of the synthetic gestagen Levonorgestrel (LNG; 10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8)M) starting at Nieuwkoop and Faber (NF) stage 48 until completion of metamorphosis. At NF 58 and 66, brain-pituitary and gonad samples were taken for gene expression analyses of gonadotropins and gonadal steroidogenic en...