We present three heuristic strategies for folding RNA sequences into secondary structures including kissing hairpin motifs. The new idea is to construct a kissing hairpin motif from an overlay of two simple canonical pseudoknots. The difficulty is that the overlay does not satisfy Bellman’s Principle of Optimality, and the kissing hairpin cannot simply be built from optimal pseudoknots. Our str...

BACKGROUND Bone contusions are often identified at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the acutely injured knee. Contusions of both surfaces of the joint are known as kissing contusions. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint. METHODS 255 MRI examinations in athletes with acutely injured kne...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PURPOSE To determine whether kissing spine is a risk factor for recurrence of sciatica after lumbar posterior decompression using a spinous process floating approach. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Kissing spine is defined by apposition and sclerotic change of the facing spinous processes as shown in X-ray images, and is often accompanied by marked dis...

Purpose High Outerbridge grade lesions of the articular cartilage have been associated with poor outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO). However, there has been no report on the efficacy of HTO in the presence of kissing lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of HTO between kissing lesion and non-kissing lesion groups. Materials and Methods Of th...

This brief paper provides general context in the emerging mobile space of affection games. Affection games require players to flirt, hug, or kiss to meet their goals in the game. To date, the largest subset of those games, are kissing games. The paper provides a topographic analysis of the 10 most widely distributed kissing games in 2013 and 2014, which account for more than 3,000,0000 mobile g...

Kissing or divided nevi are similar in shape to congenital melanocytic nevi located on an adjacent part of the body that are separated during embryogenesis. Kissing nevi of the upper and lower eyelids have been reported infrequently since the first report in 1908. Kissing nevi of the penis are very rare, with only 12 cases being reported until now, and this is the first case report in the Korea...

Intracranial 'kissing' aneurysms are rare types of multiple aneurysms referring to two adjacent aneurysms arising from identical or different arteries with separate origins and partially adherent walls. The present study reported a 54-year-old female patient, who was identified with a 'kissing' aneurysm in the A3 segment of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, as demonstrated by head compu...

Eleven species of kissing bugs are found in the United States. Their home ranges may be expanding northward, perhaps as a consequence of climate change. At least eight of the species, perhaps all, are reported to harbor Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Because humans are encroaching on kissing bug habitat, there is concern for vector-transmitted Chagas disease in the ...