L’objectif de l’article est caractériser les initiatives individuelles et collectives mises en œuvre par pêcheurs artisans sénégalais pour faire face à la crise (écologique économique). De telles s’organisent autour dynamiques nouvelles « politiques » techniques », légales ou illégales l’exemple pêche migrante, le ciblage ressources, mixité des pêche, encore bateaux ramasseurs. Il s’agit ici d’...

To specify demand in most water allocation problems, researchers face a tradeoff between flexibility and parsimony. Flexible forms are less constraining on elasticity estimates, but require large parameter sets that tend to cause poor out-of-sample forecasts and computational difficulties. Using a five-year panel of Texas municipalities, the parsimonious Stone-Geary form yields estimated demand...

In recent years, extensive literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve leading to optimistic policy conclusions has attracted great attention. However, the underlying cross-section estimations are not very reliable. Accordingly, this contribution uses time series data for a single country with good data quality: Germany. With a specification that includes all theoretical variations and differ...

There are two principal choices of the baseline from which emissions trading may take place: 1) emission reduction credits (ERCs) in which the baseline is existing regulations which are often activitybased; and 2) cap-and-trade which specified the total allowable emissions. This paper examines the effects of these two tradable permit systems on marginal and average costs for the firm, using ele...

The literature argues that income growth leads to increased demand for environmental quality and thus reduction in pollution. Using a utility theoretic model, we hypothesize that the income±pollution relationship should depend on the level of disamenity of the pollutant. We proxy for disamenity using the toxicity of releases. For counties in the United States, the functional relationship betwee...

مقولات ابزار ذهن ما برای شناخت حقایق اطراف است. بشر اشیای خارجی یا مفاهیم ناظر به آن‌ها را ذیل یکی از قرار داده است و فهم می‌کند. اما میزان صدق بر تمام واقعیات هستی هنوز درستی مشخص نیست. آنچه در آرای برخی فلاسفة مشاء دیده می‌شود‌این که پیرو آن انواعی آنها‌ایجاد می‌شود نقش تعیین کننده تعین نوعی موجودات دارند صرفاً طبقه بندی انسان نیستند. در‌این میان ملاصدرا دیدگاه متفاوتی آراء خود نشان می‌دهد محد...

L’article analyse la gestion optimale des barrages hydroelectriques quand les apports naturels en eau suivent cycles previsibles. La regle de Hotelling qui determine trajectoire valeur l’eau stock doit s’appliquer facon cyclique compte tenu ruptures saisonnieres et besoins a satisfaire. Quand un est constitue, si contraintes capacite du reservoir ne sont pas liantes, il possible proceder arbitr...

Connecting private dwellings to the water main is expensive and typically cannot be publicly financed. We show that households’ willingness to pay for a private connection is high when it can be purchased on credit, not because a connection improves health but because it increases the time available for leisure and reduces interand intra-household conflicts on water matters, leading to sustaine...