Pulmonary vascular dilation and angiogenesis underlie experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) induced by common bile duct ligation (CBDL) and may respond to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibition. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression occurs in proliferating cholangiocytes and pulmonary intravascular monocytes after CBDL, the latter contributing to angiogenesis. CBDL c...

In this contribution, a novel un-differenced (UD) (PPP-RTK) concept, i.e. a synthesis of Precise Point Positioning and Network-based Real-Time Kinematic concept, is introduced. In the first step of our PPP-RTK approach, the UD GNSS observations from a regional reference network are processed based upon re-parameterised observation equations, corrections for satellite clocks, phase biases and (i...

Lately, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) evolve into one of the most popular remote sensing technologies by providing rapid and periodical acquisition high-resolution, accurate, low-cost data. Progressively, technology UAVs rises with addition advanced equipment such as multispectral (MS) digital cameras global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers real-time time kinematic (RTK) positionin...

Trophic factors control cellular physiology by activating specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). While the over activation of RTK signaling pathways is associated with cell growth and cancer, recent findings support the concept that impaired down-regulation or deactivation of RTKs may also be a mechanism involved in tumor formation. Under this perspective, the molecular determinants of RTK ...

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-Ras-Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways control many aspects of C. elegans development and behavior. Studies in C. elegans helped elucidate the basic framework of the RTK-Ras-ERK pathway and continue to provide insights into its complex regulation, its biological roles, how it elicits cell-type appropriate responses, and how it interacts...

This paper presents an overview of technical solutions for regional area precise GNSS positioning services such as in Queensland. The research focuses on the technical and business issues that currently constrain GPS-based local area Real Time Kinematic (RTK) precise positioning services so as to operate in future across larger regional areas, and therefore support services in agriculture, mini...

New guidelines and procedures for real-time (RT) network-based solutions are required in order to support Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) derived heights. Two kinds of experiments were carried out to analyze the performance of the network-based real-time kinematic (RTK) solutions. New test marks were installed in different surrounding environments, and the existing GPS benchmarks were...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide various types of positioning state solutions, such as single point positioning (SPP), precise point positioning (PPP), differential GPS (DGPS) and real time kinematic (RTK) solutions. These solutions are obtained involving different data types, receivers, samples, serving different classes of users. Previous studies on performance characteristi...

A large number of alterations in genes encoding receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), namely FLT3, c-KIT, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors, and the anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase (ALK), have been found in hematopoietic malignancies. They have drawn much attention after the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. RTK gene alterations i...

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)/Ras GTPase/MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are used repeatedly during metazoan development to control many different biological processes. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, two different RTKs (LET-23/EGFR and EGL-15/FGFR) are known to stimulate LET-60/Ras and a MAPK cascade consisting of the kinases LIN-45/Raf, MEK-2/MEK and MPK-1/ERK. This Ras/MAPK cas...