Three immunizations of mice with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) by transcutaneous immunization (TCI) induced long-term neutralizing antibody titers that were superior to those obtained with aluminum-adsorbed rPA. In addition, rPA alone exhibited adjuvant activity for TCI. Forty-six weeks after completion of TCI, 100% protection was observed against lethal anthrax challenge.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, which affects approximately eight million people in the Americas. This parasite exhibits genetic variability, with at least six discrete typing units broadly distributed in the American continent. T. cruzi I (TcI) shows remarkable genetic diversity; a genotype linked to human infections and a domestic cycle of transmission have rece...

OBJECTIVE The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a widely used self-report measure of adult personality. METHOD We studied 586 Japanese university and college students with the 125-item version of the Japanese TCI. RESULTS The factor structure of the TCI scales was similar to that reported in other languages. Depression was positively correlated with Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoid...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transient cognitive impairment (TCI) on the Mini Mental State Evaluation score is common after transient ischemic attack/minor stroke and might identify patients at increased risk of dementia. We aimed to replicate TCI using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), compare it with persistent Mild Cognitive Impairment (PMCI), and to determine whether global cerebral hemodyna...

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) systems that use the skin's immune function are promising needle-free, easy-to-use, and low-invasive vaccination alternative to conventional, injectable vaccination methods. To develop effective TCI systems, it is essential to establish fundamental techniques and technologies that deliver antigenic proteins to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and dermi...

Introduction Remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI), widely used in the operating room owing to its reliability, is poorly assessed in the ICU, while several procedures may induce pain and discomfort. Only one series of 14 patients focused on Remifentanil-TCI use for performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in the ICU [1]. We aimed to assess Remifentanil-TCI feasibility, safety and tolera...

Two systems have been examined for delivery of DNA-vaccine encoding a HIV-1 polyepitope CTL-immunogen (TCI). One is intended for i.m. injection and is in the form of an artificial virus like particle containing eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA-TCI encapsulated within a spermidine-polyglucin conjugate. The other is intended for mucosal immunization and is based on attenuated Salmonella typhim...

Complex chemical composition is an important reason for restricting herbal quality evaluation. Despite the multi-components determination method significantly promoted the progress of herbal quality evaluation, however, which mainly concerned the total amount of multiple components and ignored the activity variation between each one, and did not accurately reflect the biological activity of bot...