This paper enables connectivity on everyday objects by transforming them into FM radio stations. To do this, we show for the first time that ambient FM radio signals can be used as a signal source for backscatter communication. Our design creates backscatter transmissions that can be decoded on any FM receiver including those in cars and smartphones. This enables us to achieve a previously infe...

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Frequently, a need exists to compute the postdetection (recovered data) signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in a given frequency modulated (FM) or double frequency modulated (FM/FM) transmission link; alternately certain postdetection SNR requirements are established, and the link’s parameters must be correspondingly specified. In either case, relationships that clearly relate postdetection SNR to lin...

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