For >15 years, ritonavir (RTV) has been the only pharmacokinetic enhancer (ie, booster) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors. The development of cobicistat (COBI) promises to provide an alternative to RTV without direct antiviral effects of its own. COBI, a potent cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitor recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in a ...

In this work a full vehicle model of a rural transport vehicle (RTV) is developed in MADYMO. The steering, tier and suspension are modeled using standard modules available in the package. A speed controller was also incorporated to maintain a constant speed of the vehicle in the simulations. Validation of the model was done against experimental accelerations measured over a bump. The validated ...

BACKGROUND Coadministration of oral contraceptives with protease inhibitors is complicated by drug interactions. An open-label three-period single-sequence study assessed the effect of coadministration of atazanavir (ATV)/ritonavir (RTV) with Ortho Tri-Cyclen(®) and with Ortho Tri-Cyclen(®) LO (Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ethinyl...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the ratio between urinary prostate specific antigen (uPSA) and tumor volume after prostate biopsy. METHODS From 2000 to July 2008, uPSA concentration was determined in 60 patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). All patients underwent six-area transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)--guided biopsy, with at least 12 biopsy cores. Single pathologist determined...

Methods Data were pooled from 3 DRV/RTV PK studies. In total 51 HIV-infected patients (7 female) stable on DRV/RTV (800/100mg or 900/100mg once daily; n=32 and 19, respectively) were included. Median age, weight, BMI, RTV area under the curve over 24h (AUC0-24) and baseline CD4 cell count were 39yr (21-63), 74kg (57-105), 24kg/m (18-31), 4.35mg.h/L (2.27-10.99) and 500cells/ mm (227-1129), resp...

OBJECTIVE To compare the impact on quality of life (QoL) of treatment with ritonavir (RTV)/saquinavir (SQV) versus RTV/SQV/stavudine (d4T) in asymptomatic [Centers for Disease Control (CDC) class A] and symptomatic HIV-infected patients (CDC B and C) who did or did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) before entry into the study. DESIGN A multicenter randomized clinical trial. PATIENTS...

Inhibition of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) can cause intracellular accumulation of bile acids and is a risk factor for drug-induced liver injury in humans. Antiretroviral protease inhibitors lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) are reported BSEP inhibitors. However, the consequences of LPV and RTV, alone and combined (LPV/r), on hepatocyte viability, bile acid transport, and endogenous bile ...

BACKGROUND Detrimental bidirectional pharmacokinetic interactions have been observed when telaprevir (TVR) and ritonavir (RTV)-boosted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors are coadministered in healthy volunteers. Our aim was to evaluate the role of RTV in the bidirectional TVR and atazanavir (ATV) interactions. METHOD An open-label, sequential study was carried out in hepat...

The purpose of this study was to compare side-by-side two different titanium screw-type implants in the maxillae of miniature pigs. The test implants had a machined and acid-etched surface (Osseotite) whereas the control implants were sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing, removal torque testing was performed to evaluate the shear strength of the bone-implant in...