Researchers Meredith Fowlie (University of California, Berkeley), Stephen Holland (University of North Carolina, Greensboro) and Erin Mansur (Yale University) take a rigorous and sophisticated approach in creating a “what if” scenario within Southern California’s Regional Clean Air Initiatives Market (RECLAIM) program. In their paper, “What do Emissions Markets Deliver and to Whom? Evidence fro...

The state function of a quantum object is undetermined with respect to its phase. This indeterminacy does not matter if it is global, but what if the components of the state have unknown relative phases? Can useful computations be performed in spite of this local indeterminacy? We consider this question in relation to the problem of the rotation of a qubit and examine its broader implications f...

Abstract. We examine the issue of stability of probability in reasoning about complex systems with uncertainty in structure. Normally, propositions are viewed as probability functions on an abstract random graph where it is implicitly assumed that the nodes of the graph have stable properties. But what if some of the nodes change their characteristics? This is a situation that cannot be covered...

Each Emergency Medical Assistance Centre in France (SAMU), includes an emergency call service. It provides an adequate and immediate response to medical problems. The processing of the incoming calls can be seen as a collaborative process involving several stakeholders. The control of such a process is crucial. Indeed, the effectiveness of the response to these incoming calls strongly impacts t...

It is a widely accepted doctrine in epistemology that knowledge has greater value than mere true belief. But although epistemologists regularly pay homage to this doctrine, evidence for it is shaky. Is it based on evidence that ordinary people on the street make evaluative comparisons of knowledge and true belief, and consistently rate the former ahead of the latter? Do they reveal such a prefe...

We know how to integrate a function over a flat region in a plane, but what if the function is defined over a curved surface? To evaluate one of these so-called surface integrals, we rewrite it as a double integral over a region in a coordinate plane beneath the surface (Figure 16.38). Surface integrals are used to compute quantities such as the flow of liquid across a membrane or the upward fo...

This paper is an analytical literature review on the dilemma of error-tolerance (ET) in IC manufacturing industry. The ET has a vast definition in research but, we mainly fuscous on the result acceptability of the the chips that generate erroneous outputs to increase the yield. The source of these errors is fabrication process (process variation or defects). The idea lies behind this question, ...

For every list of integers x1, . . . , xm there is some j such that x1+ · · ·+xj −xj+1−· · ·−xm ≈ 0. So the list can be nearly balanced and for this we only need one alternation between addition and subtraction. But what if the xi are k-dimensional integer vectors? Using results from topological degree theory we show that balancing is still possible, now with k alternations. This result is usef...

There’s nothing quite like a day at the races . . . . The quickening of the pulse as the starter’s pistol sounds, the thrill when your favorite contestant speeds out into the lead (or the distress if another contestant dashes out ahead of yours), and the accompanying fear (or hope) that the leader might change. And what if the race is a marathon? Maybe one of the contestants will be far stronge...

Environmental ethicists believe it is immoral for human action to result in the extinction of a species. The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 codifies this belief. This paper describes an ongoing case study involving the development of a DSS model to predict the price of Florida scrub habitat. This habitat is crucial to the survival of the Florida scrub-jay, a bird found only in Florida that i...