Much of the biogeochemical cycling research in catchments in the past 25 years has been driven by acid deposition research funding. This research has focused on vulnerable base-poor systems; catchments on alkaline lithologies have received little attention. In regions of high acid loadings, however, even well-buffered catchments are susceptible to forest decline and episodes of low alkalinity i...

In this paper, we present a new model using a Fourdimensional (4D) Element-Oriented physical concepts based on a topological approach in electromagnetism. Its general finite formulation on dual staggered grids reveals a flexible Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with reasonable local approximating functions. This flexible FDTD method is developed without recourse to the traditional Ta...

Background and Objectives: The large contribution of hospitals to the function and expenditures of the healthsector makes their constant monitoring and evaluation inevitable to improve the overall performance of the health system. Built on that, the present study aimed to evaluate the trend of performance of hospitals affiliated with the public hospitals (in Guilan Province, Iran) affiliated wi...

In this paper, a new finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is investigated to analyze electromagnetic structures with curved boundaries using a Cartesian coordinate system. The new algorithm is based on a nonorthogonal FDTD method. However, only those cells near the curved boundaries are calculated by nonorthogonal FDTD formulas; most of the grid is orthogonal and can be determined by ...

A new method modifying the frequency dependent alternating direction implicit finite difference time domain (FD–ADI– FDTD) is presented. The method can improve the accuracy of FD–ADI–FDTD without significant increase of computational costs. The proposed method is validated by numerical tests. Index Terms ADI–FDTD, Debye media, Accuracy of FDTD

BACKGROUND Unplanned re-attendance at the Emergency Department (ED) is often monitored as a quality indicator of the care accorded to patients during their index ED visit. High bed occupancy rate (BOR) has been considered as a matter of reduced patient comfort and privacy. Most hospitals in Singapore operate under BORs above 85 %. This study aims to explore factors associated with the unplanned...

To overcome the Courant limit on the time step size of the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, some weakly conditionally stable and unconditionally stable FDTD methods have been developed recently. To analyze the relations between these methods theoretically, they are all viewed as approximations of the conventional FDTD scheme in present discussion. The errors between the...