The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level 4 Carbon (L4_C) product provides model estimates of Net Ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) incorporating SMAP soil moisture information as a primary driver. The L4_C product provides NEE, computed as total respiration less gross photosynthesis, at a daily time step and approximate 14-day latency posted to a 9-km global grid summarized by plan...

A good knowledge of the quality of the satellite soil moisture products is of great importance for their application and improvement. This paper examines the performance of eight satellite-based soil moisture products, including the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) passive Level 3 (L3), the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS (CATDS) L3, the Jap...

Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBDs) provide the physical and mathematical descriptions of the algorithms used in the generation of science data products. The ATBDs include a description of variance and uncertainty estimates and considerations of calibration and validation, exception control and diagnostics. Internal and external data flows are also described. The SMAP ATBDs were revie...

Originally designed as a RESTful protocol to expose reading data from simple instruments, we discuss the shifting role of sMAP as a common interchange format for timeseries data within a number of building projects. Due to the change in role and resulting widened set of use cases, we discuss where sMAP has fallen short and design modifications necessary to address them. Key contributions are id...

Electron tomography (ET) of biological samples is used to study the organization and the structure of the whole cell and subcellular complexes in great detail. However, projections cannot be acquired over full tilt angle range with biological samples in electron microscopy. ET image reconstruction can be considered an ill-posed problem because of this missing information. This results in artifa...

The aim of speaker adaptation techniques is to enhance the speaker-independent acoustic models to bring their recognition accuracy as close as possible to the one obtained with speaker-dependent models. Recently, a technique based on hierarchical structure and the maximum a posteriori criterion was proposed (SMAP). In this paper, like in SMAP, we assume that the acoustic models parameters are o...

two different methods of bayesian segmentation algorithm were used with different band combinations. sequential maximum a posteriori (smap) is a bayesian image segmentation algorithm which unlike the traditional maximum likelihood (ml) classification attempts to improve accuracy by taking contextual information into account, rather than classifying pixels separately. landsat 7 etm+ data with pa...

1. ABSTRACT In this paper, we present forward model of the microwave backscattering from a vegetated terrain at L band for application in the upcoming SMAP (Snow Moisture Active and Passive) mission. The objective of the SMAP mission is to provide global measurements of soil moisture and its freeze/thaw state [1]. These measurements will be used to enhance understanding of processes that link t...