Deep in the occipitotemporal cortex lie two functional regions, the visual word form area (VWFA) and the number form area (NFA), which are thought to play a special role in letter and number recognition, respectively. We review recent progress made in characterizing the origins of these symbol form areas in children or adults, sighted or blind subjects, and humans or monkeys. We propose two non...

Numerous functional neuroimaging studies have shown that most orthographic stimuli, such as printed English words, produce a left-lateralized response within the fusiform gyrus (FG) at a characteristic location termed the visual word form area (VWFA). We developed an experimental alphabet (FaceFont) comprising 35 face-phoneme pairs to disentangle phonological and perceptual influences on the la...

The Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is part of the left ventral visual stream that underlies the invariant identification of visual words. It remains debated whether this region is truly selective for words relative to common objects; why this particular part of the visual system is reproducibly engaged in reading; and whether reading expertise also relies on perceptual learning within earlier vis...

Around 25% of patients with visual hallucinations secondary to eye disease report hallucinations of text. The hallucinated text conveys little if any meaning, typically consisting of individual letters, words, or nonsense letter strings (orthographic hallucinations). A patient is described with textual visual hallucinations of a very different linguistic content following bilateral occipito-tem...

سابقه و هدف: کلیه ­ی اشخاص، اعم از حقیقی یا حقوقی مسئولیت حفاظت محیطزیست را برعهده دارند. اشخاص به این معنی است که فرد ملزم خساراتی دیگری وارد کرده جبران کند در حقوق امر قانونی یاد می‌شود. مقاله تحلیل چگونگی ارتباط مدنی محیط‌زیستی اجتماعی پرداخته شده محیط‌زیستی، یک ساختار سه‌گانۀ یکپارچه مورد بحث بررسی قرار گرفته است.مواد روش‌ها: تحقیق کیفی روش محتوا استفاده است؛ بدین شرح میان منابع داخلی بین‌ا...

OBJECTIVES By analyzing the different phenotypes of two Chinese DFNA9 families with the same mutation located in the intervening region between the LCCL and vWFA domains of cochlin and testing the functional changes in the mutant cochlin, we investigated the different pathogeneses for mutations in LCCL and vWFA domains. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing for deafness-related genes wa...

While there is emerging evidence from behavioral studies that visual attention skills are impaired in dyslexia, the corresponding neural mechanism (i.e., deficits in the dorsal visual region) needs further investigation. We used resting-state fMRI to explore the functional connectivity (FC) patterns of the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the visual word form area (VWFA) in dyslexic children...