BACKGROUND Radical cystectomy (RC) represents the mainstay of treatment in patients with muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer but how it compares with the best organ preservation approach is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS The objective of our review is to compare the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates from retrospective and prospective studies of RC and trimodality treatment (TMT), i.e. c...

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are unique smart materials that have many advantages, such as ability to resist large strains without leaving residual strains and ability to recover original form. However, the high costs of SMAs have limited their usage. This paper evaluates the behavior of concrete structures equipped with SMAs in an optimal manner as they are being used along the plastic hinge of ...

We classify practical replica control (RC) mechanisms according to two main criteria: (1) the abstract RC protocol, e.g., how many physical copies are written for a logical update, and (2) the kind of integration between the RC mechanism and system services such as atomic broadcast, commit protocols, and concurrency control. We describe about a dozen representative RC mechanisms (most of them i...

1. RECAPITULATION Part I of this article treats tense in relative clauses (RCs) in English, Russian and Japanese. The temporal centre in RCs can always be Tproi, and sometimes it has to be Tproi. 1. In SOT languages such as English, the Tense in the RC is bound in RC\wollconfigurations, i.e., we find a Tproi bound by woll. The licensing of the morphological tense in the RC is non-local in these...

X-ray structures of five bis(N — R-salicylaldiminato)zinc(II) complexes with R — ethyl, «-propyl, /-propyl, «-butyl and 4-thia-rc-hexyl were determined. The N202 coordination geometry is in all cases gwas/-tetrahedral with the dihedral angle between the planes of the two chelate rings ranging from 84 to 89°. Bond lengths and angles in the coordination sphere are not affected by the nature of R ...

In the paper a remote lab experiment RC oscillator used to support Web based learning, to support learning by doing, to learn control design and to minimize the gap between theory and practice is presented. The experiment was designed with a special care for visualisation of important control design parameters in Bode plot and Root-Locus diagram. The experiment is based on MATLAB, LABview and D...

BACKGROUND RC-101 is a congener of the antiretroviral peptide retrocyclin, which we and others have reported is active against clinical HIV-1 isolates from all major clades, does not hemagglutinate, and is non-toxic and non-inflammatory in cervicovaginal cell culture. Herein, film-formulated RC-101 was assessed for its antiviral activity in vitro, safety in vivo, retention in the cervix and vag...

We show the following results for polynomial-time reducibility to RC, the set of Kolmogorov random strings. 1. If P 6= NP, then SAT does not dtt-reduce to RC. 2. If PH does not collapse, then SAT does not n--reduce to RC for any α < 1. 3. If PH does not collapse, then SAT does not n-T-reduce to RC for any α < 2 . 4. There is a problem in E that does not dtt-reduce to RC. 5. There is a problem i...

Levi nondegenerate real-analytic hypersurfaces M ⊂ ƒ are well understood due to the seminal results of Tanaka [17] and Chern-Moser[5], where a complete set of local invariants for M has been defined. At the other extreme are those hypersurfaces which are locally CR-equivalent to a product M ׃, (take the real hyperplanes inƒ as a simple example). In-between there is a huge and much less underst...