Growth of the aerial part of the plant is dependent upon the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). A balance between the self-renewing stem cells in the central zone (CZ) and organogenesis in the peripheral zone (PZ) is essential for the integrity, function, and maintenance of the SAM. Understanding how the SAM maintains a balance between stem cell perpetuation and organogenesis is a ...

BACKGROUND Norms clarification has been identified as an effective component of college student drinking interventions, prompting research on norms clarification as a single-component intervention known as Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF). Previous reviews have examined PNF in combination with other components but not as a stand-alone intervention. OBJECTIVES To investigate the degree to...

Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. It is a major obstacle to successful and efficient islet transplantation. DcR3/TR6 is a soluble death decoy receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and it can block apoptosis mediated by several TNF receptor family members such as ...

BACKGROUND Elastic resistance bands (ERB) combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are often used in resistance muscle training programs, which have potential effects on peripheral muscle strength. However, the effects of the combination of ERB and PNF on respiratory muscle strength warrant further investigation. OBJECTIVES The assessment of the effects of PNF combined wi...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of abdominal hollowing during lower-limb proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training on the activation of contralateral muscles. [Subjects] Twenty male college students without symptoms or signs of muscular or nervous disease participated in this experiment after signing a consent form. [Methods] All the subjects were...

BACKGROUND No definitive, antemortem diagnostic test for canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is available. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNF-H) is a promising biomarker for nervous system diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum pNF-H is a detectable biological marker for diagnosis of canine DM. ANIMALS Fifty-three DM-affected, 27 neurologically normal, 7 asy...

Background and Study Aim. Strength, power flexibility are among the features that provide advantage against opponent in kick boxers. There many factors can affect development of these parameters a positive negative way before competition. These may differ according to type intensity warm-up stretching exercises, depending on psychological physiological conditions. The aim this study is evaluate...

Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) training on back pain intensity and functional disability in people with low back pain (LBP).Methods: Totally, five electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline (NLM), Scopus, Google Scholar, PEDro, andCochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Tr...

A comparison of assisted and unassisted proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques and static stretching. J Strength Cond Res 26(5): 1238-1244, 2012-Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching often requires a partner. Straps are available allowing an individual to perform PNF stretching alone. It is not known if a strap provides similar improvements in the range of mot...

Until recently, the scientific community believed that post-exercise stretching could reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), but recent reviews of studies on the topic have concluded that pre- or post-exercise static stretching has no effect on mitigating DOMS. However, the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) post-exercise stretching on preventing DOMS has not been a...