Biomass feedstocks have been utilized for the commercial production of a wide range fuels and chemicals through pyrolysis process. Broom weed is abundant but it has not widely used in Nigeria as means useful fuel chemical thereby constituting an environmental menace. This study aimed to determine effects selected process parameters on product yields during broom fixed bed reactor. was obtained ...

FLAME CURTAIN BIOCHAR KILNS Pyrolysis of organic waste or woody materials yields charcoal, a stable carbonaceous product that can be used for cooking or mixed into soil, in the latter case often termed "biochar". Traditional kiln technologies for charcoal production are slow and without treatment of the pyrolysis gases, resulting in emissions of gases (mainly methane and carbon monoxide) and ae...

Abstract Human tragedy could be summed up a single word—death. One first encounters it through the death of others, and then everyone faces for themselves. The Christian faith confronts humanity’s final foe head on, delivering sustained hope amidst sorrow despair impending death. This paper will address central role resurrection dead in First Corinthians. Second, present Paul’s retort to severa...

The F-value distribution in a batch retort processing of in-pack conduction heating foods resulting from the variability of four processing factors (initial temperature, heating time, headspace and external heat transfer coecient) was determined by mathematical modelling. Three hundred combinations were generated from normally distributed values for each factor, following the Monte Carlo appro...

Canned foods have a long history and are likely to remain popular for the foreseeable future owing to their convenience, long shelf life and economy. Thermal sterilization of canned foods is such a mature technology that it might be supposed that there is little potential for further development but, in fact, the technology continues to evolve. Recent developments have been directed towards bet...

A study was conducted with a pilot-scale sterilization system based on 27-MHz radio frequency (RF) energy to investigate the effectiveness in shortening process time and in improving quality for foods sealed in 6pound military-ration polymeric trays. Chemical marker M-1 was used to evaluate heating uniformity in 20% whey protein gels as a model food, and macaroni and cheese was processed to ass...

Oil derived from oil shale deposits is known to contain many organic complexes. The formation of carcinogenic hydrocarbons is temperature-dependent and is associated with retorting of the oil. Furthermore, oil shale is a rich source of inorganic elements such as the metals. Biological studies have demonstrated that concentrated extract of tars from combustion of shale oil are carcingenic to the...

built of brick. At its base will be two hydrocarbon burners. Upper and lower triangular flues extend across the middle of the shaft, and also an upper and lower set of baffles or side wings, which are connected by means of wall passages or flues. Underneath these is a shelf, forming a retort in which air may mix with the flames from the burners. Flues are provided for the return of the gases ar...