Ileo-Cecal Valve (ICV) is an important small soft organ which appears in human abdomen CT scans and connects colon and small intestine. Automated detection of ICV is of great clinical value for removing false positive (FP) findings in computer aided diagnosis (CAD) of colon cancers using CT colongraphy (CTC) [1–3]. However full 3D object detection, especially for small objects with large shape ...

In neurodegeneration research, normalization of regional volumes by intracranial volume (ICV) is important to estimate the extent of disease-driven atrophy. There is little agreement as to whether raw volumes, volume-to-ICV fractions or regional volumes from which the ICV factor has been regressed out should be used for volumetric brain imaging studies. Using multiple regional cortical and subc...

CONTEXT Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter. There is evidence that GABA(B) receptors located in the dorsal complex and in afferent fibers of the vagus nerve participate in the control of gastrointestinal motility. OBJECTIVE To assess the intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and intravenously (IV) effect of baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, on liquid and soli...

Besides other physiological functions, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is also a neurotransmitter that acts on purinergic receptors. In spite of the presence of purinergic receptors in forebrain areas involved with fluid-electrolyte balance, the effect of ATP on water intake has not been investigated. Therefore, we studied the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of ATP (100, 200...

Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) can be visualized as abnormal T2 signal in the periventricular, deep and subcortical white on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). WMH increase with age are associated stroke, cognitive decline dementia. The most common visual rating scale used to assess clinical setting is Fazekas (Fazekas et al., 1987). current study investigated relationship betwee...

In volumetric brain imaging analysis, volumes of brain structures are typically assumed to be proportional or linearly related to intracranial volume (ICV). However, evidence abounds that many brain structures have power law relationships with ICV. To take this relationship into account in volumetric imaging analysis, we propose a power law based method-the power-proportion method-for ICV corre...

We have shown previously that continuous (6 days) intracerebroventricular (ICV) leptin infusion in normal rats resulted in decreases in food intake and body weight. A reduction of food intake imposed on control rats (pair-feeding), aimed at mimicking leptin-induced hyperphagia, produced a marked decrease in the expression of muscle uncoupling protein-3 (UCP-3), whereas ICV infusion of leptin pr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain size is commonly described in relation to ICV, whereby accurate assessment of this quantity is fundamental. Recently, an optimized MR sequence (QRAPMASTER) was developed for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, and proton density. ICV can be measured automatically within minutes from QRAPMASTER outputs and a dedicated software, SyMRI. Automatic estimations of ICV ...

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) conveys neuronal input from the brain to the stomach. We investigated mechanisms through which urocortin 1 (UCN1) injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV, 300 pmol/rat) inhibits circulating ghrelin in rats. This was achieved by assessing (1) the induction of c-fos gene expression as a marker of neuronal activation in specific hypothalamic and caudal brainstem ...

introduction: ghrelin, increases food intake, decreases t3 and t4 concentrations and stimulates insulin release, while leptin reduces food intake and suppresses appetite. considering the importance of thyroid hormones, ghrelin and leptin in body metabolism, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interactions between ghrelin and leptin (injected via icv route) and plasma t3 a...