This study assessed the cost and effectiveness of an integrated pest management (IPM) program using hydramethylnon gel baits compared with conventional spraying for controlling the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae), in two residential buildings in Yasuj, Iran. The IPM approach was based on educational programs using pamphlets, posters and lectures, sanitation ...

The concepts of “integrated control” and “integrated pest management” (IPM) were devised by entomologists, but they proved relevant to the monitoring and control of virtually any agricultural pest (i.e., weeds, fungi, vertebrates). Within IPM, economic threshold characterized pest densities that would have negative impacts and economic injury level characterized amounts of predicted crop injury...

An Integrated Product Model (IPM) stands for a conceptual model describing data of a technical product. It is used as basic technology of enabling application systems to exchange and share product data. Within the IPM development, the integration of data models is an important process. Unfortunately, because of the model complexity, it is difficult for the IPM developer to have control of it. T...

This study assessed the cost and effectiveness of a building-wide cockroach integrated pest management (IPM) program compared with bait alone treatment in public housing. In total, 12 buildings (66 apartments) were treated and monitored for cockroach infestations over 7 mo. The buildings were divided into two groups: bait treatment and IPM. Apartments in the bait alone group were treated with M...

تماق يتلا ةساريلا ا املع تلمش ءا يلا تاييا تقا تيح اهوار اب تارضحتسملاب ة اخلا ةفلكتلا تالايب يمةتلا ةويه تا قالم م اهعيم ت مت يتلا يح لا ، ملاب ةماقلإاب ةأبترملا ةفلكتلا يقاب ىلإ ةفاضلااب تلاالاح جلاع ع ةلمتحملا تاعبتلا ةي يلأا ىفشتس لاورلا الاهتللاا لاع ةلا تاللا الاهعا لةب ىلع ل ك ت رب لك مايختسا ةل يلا ةقفل تريعستل اقبأ ،تيح امك . اخلا تالايبلا عيم ت مت تاللا ةي جعلا ةميقلاب ة ة ايحل...

The manipulation of beneficial organisms remains a very important tool in integrated pest management programs of insect pests worldwide. This chapter describes the approaches to using biological control and a historical perspective of each. Recent developments in genetics, systematics, population dynamics, pesticide chemistry, and public opinion have led to increased scrutiny and inclusion of b...

Drivers behind food security and crop protection issues are discussed in relation to food losses caused by pests. Pests globally consume food estimated to feed an additional one billion people. Key drivers include rapid human population increase, climate change, loss of beneficial on-farm biodiversity, reduction in per capita cropped land, water shortages, and EU pesticide withdrawals under pol...

BACKGROUND Cockroaches and mice, which are common in urban homes, are sources of allergens capable of triggering asthma symptoms. Traditional pest control involves the use of scheduled applications of pesticides by professionals as well as pesticide use by residents. In contrast, integrated pest management (IPM) involves sanitation, building maintenance, and limited use of least toxic pesticide...

There has been continued interest in clinical objective measures of binaural processing. One commonly proposed measure is the binaural interaction component (BIC), which is obtained typically by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)—the BIC reflects the difference between the binaural ABR and the sum of the monaural ABRs (i.e., binaural (leftþ right)). We have recently developed an alte...

We developed an oil/water-type tacrolimus (FK506) cream formulation as an alternative to Protopic ointment for atopic dermatitis treatment. We determined the effects of solvents used in topical preparations on FK506 solubility and stability, and evaluated FK506 transdermal absorption into rat skin from solutions, emulsions, and creams. Screening indicated that diethyl sebacate (DES), isopropyl ...