Functional compositions, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of Amaranthus caudatus L. oils (ACO) obtained by different solvents were comparatively investigated. All the resulted ACO enrich in 75% unsaturated fatty acid squalene about 4 g/100 g. Different showed varying oil extraction, where acetone results a highest yield 6.80 extracted ethanol tocopherol (1351.26 mg/kg), pol...

Understanding physical configurations and how these can emerge from the underlying gauge theory is a fundamental problem in modern particle physics. This thesis investigates the study of these configurations primarily focussing on the need for gauge invariance in constructing the gauge invariant fields for any physical theory. We consider Wu’s approach to gauge invariance by identifying the gau...

Weedy Amaranthus species frequently cause economically significant reductions in crop yields. Accurate identification of Amaranthus species is important for efficient weed control, but Amaranthus species can interbreed, which might cause difficulty when identifying hybrid-derived specimens. To determine which of several economically important weedy Amaranthus species are most genetically simila...

Over the last decade attempts have been made to fabricate aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with several ceramic particles. Aluminum reinforced with ZrB2 particles is one such AMC. The successful application of new kind of AMCs lies in the development of secondary processes such as machining and joining. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid state welding which overco...

Many plants exude allelochemicals--compounds that affect the growth of neighbouring plants. This study reports further studies of the reported effect of cress (Lepidium sativum) seed(ling) exudates on seedling growth in Amaranthus caudatus and Lactuca sativa. In the presence of live cress seedlings, both species grew longer hypocotyls and shorter roots than cress-free controls. The effects of c...

Amaranthus caudatus is a nutrient-rich Andean pseudocereal with wide genetic variability. Six productive varieties (Oscar Blanco, Pucara, Tomina, Cotahuasi, Barbechos, and Guindo Criollo) were compared by proximate, mineral, fatty acid composition. The proximal content showed certain singularities in the varieties. Barbechos Criollo stood out for their fat (9.50% 9.01%, respectively), while Tom...

A multiply-lensed galaxy, MACS0647-JD, with a probable photometric redshift of z ' 10.7 −0.4 is claimed to constitute one of the very earliest known galaxies, formed well before reionization was completed. However, spectral evidence that MACS0647-JD lies at high redshift has proven infeasible and so here we seek an independent lensing based “geometric redshift” derived from the angles between t...

The Second Incompleteness Theorem states that axiom systems of sufficient strength are unable to verify their own consistency. Part of the reason that Gödel's theorem has fascinated logicians is that it almost defies common sense. This is because when human beings cogitate, they implicitly presume that thinking is a useful process. However, this tacit assumption would initially appear to presum...

The central challenge in realizing non-volatile, E-field manipulation of magnetism lies in finding an energy efficient means to switch between the distinct magnetic states in a stable and reversible manner. In this work, we demonstrate using electrical polarization-induced charge screening to change the ground state of magnetic ordering in order to non-volatilely tune magnetic properties in ult...