Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic, aquatic organisms found in fresh, brackish, and marine water around the world (1). Rapid proliferation and accumulation of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria characterize one type of harmful algal bloom (HAB). HABs have the potential to cause illness in humans and animals (2,3); however, the epidemiology of these illnesse...

A point particle of mass μ moving on a geodesic creates a perturbation hab, of the spacetime metric gab, that diverges at the particle. Simple expressions are given for the singular μ/r part of hab and its tidal distortion caused by the spacetime. This singular part hab is described in different coordinate systems and in different gauges. Subtracting hab from hab leaves a regular remainder hab....

The propensity to develop an anxiety disorder is thought to be determined by genetic and environmental factors. Here we investigated the relationship between a genetic predisposition to trait anxiety and experience-based learned fear in a psychopathological mouse model. Male CD-1 mice selectively bred for either high (HAB), or normal (NAB) anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus maze wer...

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to coastal resources, causing a variety of impacts on public health, regional economies, and ecosystems. Plankton analysis is a valuable component of many HAB monitoring and research programs, but the diversity of plankton poses a problem in discriminating toxic from nontoxic species using conventional detection methods. Here we describe a sensit...

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent central nervous system diseases imposing a high social burden to our society. Emotional processing is particularly controlled by GABA-ergic transmission in the amygdala. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we now investigated changes in the expression of GABA synthesizing enzymes (GAD65 and GAD67), GABA(A) (α1-5, β1-3, γ1-2) and GABA(B) ...

Understanding interactions between harmful algal bloom (HAB) species and their grazers is essential for determining mechanisms of bloom proliferation and termination. We exposed the common calanoid copepod, Temora longicornis to the HAB species Alexandrium fundyense and examined effects on copepod survival, ingestion, egg production and swimming behaviour. A. fundyense was readily ingested by T...

High affinity agonist-binding (HAB) sites are formed from specific receptor interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (Gi) proteins. To determine whether the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is regulated by specific receptor-Gi protein coupling, we treated bovine aortic endothelial cells with 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin (PTX) for 16 hours to effect receptor-Gi protein uncou...