Recently, it was shown that genuine Ng-Ng chemical bonds are present in the endohedral fullerenes Ng(2)@C(60) in the case of Ng=Xe, while it is more debatable whether a chemical bond exist for Ng=Ar and Kr. The lighter homologues with helium and neon are weakly bonded van der Waals complexes. The presence of a noble gas dimer inside the cage is expected to modify the exohedral reactivity of the...

The This paper aims to consider and study some new properties in NG groups that consist of non-bijective transformations are not a subset symmetric groups. regularity these presents such as results. Moreover, definition anti-inverse is given. Some results studied.

The hybrid SOM-NG algorithm was formulated to improve the quantization precision in Self Organizing Maps by the means of combine both SOM and Neural Gas properties using a parameter γ to tune the topology preservation. A supervised learning algorithm is proposed to take advantage of the balanced hybrid algorithm. The proposed algorithm makes a linear approximation of the goal function for every...

We introduce a novel method called constant encoding, which can be used to tamper-proof a software watermark that is embedded in the dynamic data structures of a program. Our novel tamperproofing method is based on transforming numeric or non-numeric constant values in the text of the watermarked program into function calls whose value depends on the watermark data structure. Under reasonable a...