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Computer Chess, created in 1980 to honor the first program to beat a reigning world chess champion, was awarded to the inventors of the Deep Blue chess machine Tuesday, July 29, at the annual meeting of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) in Providence, Rhode Island. Deep Blue beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov in the final game of a tied, six-game match last May 11...

The Deep Blue chess-playing system explores a huge search tree when selecting a move to play, typically examining on the order of 20 to 40 billion positions. Although a relatively complex evaluation function is applied to the leaf positions of this search tree, there is significant possibility of error in the evaluation function values. Incorrect position evaluation can lead to a poor move choi...

Blue light-emitting phosphorus and silicon-bridged stilbenes have been synthesized and characterized. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with these compounds demonstrate that this new type of phospholes is a promising material for deep blue fluorescence emitters.

For more than a century, oceanographers have studied the interactions between the photosynthetic production of organic matter and nutrient dynamics in the sea. This research has been field-oriented and transdisciplinary, occurring at the intersections of research in microbiology, physics, analytical chemistry, cell physiology and ecology. The global database derived from this collective effort ...

Color the edges of the n-vertex complete graph in red and blue, and suppose that red k-cliques are fewer than blue k-cliques. We show that the number of red k-cliques is always less than ckn , where ck ∈ (0, 1) is the unique root of the equation z = (1 − z) + kz(1 − z)k−1. On the other hand, we construct a coloring in which there are at least ckn k −O(nk−1) red k-cliques and at least the same n...

AI textbooks and papers often discuss the big ques tions such as how to reason with uncertainty how to reason e ciently or how to improve performance through learning It is more di cult however to nd descriptions of concrete problems or challenges that are still ambitious and interesting yet not so open ended The goal of this panel is to formulate a set of such challenge problems for the eld Ea...

A series of group III metal chelates have been synthesized and characterized for the versatile application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). These metal chelates are based on 4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridine derivates as chelating ligands, and they are the blue version analogues of well-known green fluorophore Alq(3) (tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum). These chelating ligands and their met...