Monitoring the population dynamics of a biocontrol agent in soil is important for understanding, predicting and increasing its efficacy. In this study, the population dynamics and the efficacy of a promising biocontrol agent against nematode, the fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis, were investigated in greenhouse experiments with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioassay....

We construct some codes, designs and graphs that have the first or second Janko group, J1 or J2, respectively, acting as an automorphism group. We show computationally that the full automorphism group of the design or graph in each case is J1, J2 or J̄2, the extension of J2 by its outer automorphism, and we show that for some of the codes the same is true.

Cell lines matching the source epithelium are indispensable for investigating porcine intestinal transport and barrier properties on a subcellular or molecular level and furthermore help to reduce animal usage. The porcine jejunal cell line IPEC-J2 is established as an in vitro model for porcine infection studies but exhibits atypically high transepithelial resistances (TER) and only low active...

We study the thermal properties of the classical antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with both nearest (J1) and next-nearest (J2) exchange couplings on the square lattice by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We show that, for J2/J1>1/2, thermal fluctuations give rise to an effective Z2 symmetry leading to a finite-temperature phase transition. We provide strong numerical evidence that this tran...

Hirsutella rhossiliensis and H. minnesotensis are endoparasitic fungi of the second-stage juvenile (J2) of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) in nature. They also parasitize both H. glycines J2 and Caenorhabditis elegans on agar plates. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation conditions were established for these Hirsutella spp. The resulting transformants were similar to...

Using the density matrix renormalization group technique, we study the ground state phase diagram and other low-energy properties of an isotropic antiferromagnetic spin-half chain with both dimerization and frustration, i.e., an alternation δ of the nearest neighbor exchanges and a next-nearest-neighbor exchange J2 . For δ = 0, the system is gapless for J2 < J2c and has a gap for J2 > J2c where...

We study the phase diagram of the isotropic J1–J ′ 1–J2 Heisenberg model for spin-1 particles on an anisotropic square lattice, using the coupled-cluster method. We find no evidence for an intermediate phase between the Néel and stripe states, as compared with all previous results for the corresponding spin-1/2 case. However, we find a quantum tricritical point at J ′ 1/J1 ≈ 0.66± 0.03, J2/J1 ≈...

culture filtrates (cf) of two species of the nematophagous fungi, arthrobotrys oligospora and arthrobotrys conoidesat three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of stock, were tested on the mortality of second stage juveniles (j2) and egg hatching rate of meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica. results showed that the percent juvenile mortality was directly proportional to concentration o...

An L(2, 1)-labeling of a graph G = (V,E) is a function f : V → {0, 1, 2, . . .} such that |f(x)− f(y)| ≤ 2 if d(x, y) = 2 and |f(x)− f(y)| ≤ 1 if d(x, y) = 2. The span of an L(2, 1)-labeling is the maximum value f(x) among all vertices x in V . The L(2, 1)labeling number of G, denoted by λ(G) is the minimum span of an L(2, 1)-labeling. A more general setting is as follows. For positive integers...

Second-stage juveniles (J2) of races 1 and 2 of Meloidogyne chiiwoodi and M. hapla readily penetrated roots of Thor alfalfa and Columbian tomato seedlings; however, few individuals of M. chitwoodi race 1 were able to establish feeding sites and mature on alfalfa. Histopathological studies indicate that J2 of race 1 either failed to initiate feeding sites or they caused cell enlargement without ...