We prove that if an ultrafilter L is not coherent to a Q-point, then each analytic non-σ-bounded topological group G admits an increasing chain 〈Gα : α < b(L)〉 of its proper subgroups such that: (i) ⋃ α Gα = G; and (ii) For every σ-bounded subgroup H of G there exists α such that H ⊂ Gα. In case of the group Sym(ω) of all permutations of ω with the topology inherited from ω this improves upon e...

Locally direct sums [W, Definition 3.15] appeared naturally in classification results for topological rings (see, e.g.,[K2], [S1], [S2], [S3], [U1]). We give here a result (Theorem 3) for locally compact Baer rings by using of locally direct sums. 1. Conventions and definitions All topological rings are assumed associative and Hausdorff. The subring generated by a subset A of a ring R is denote...

In this paper, we introduce λκ−closed sets and study its properties in generalized topological spaces.

The rich order parameter of Spin Density Waves allows for an unusual object of a complex topological nature: a half-integer dislocation combined with a semi-vortex of the staggered magnetization. It becomes energetically preferable to ordinary dislocation due to enhanced Coulomb interactions in the semiconducting regime. Generation of these objects changes e.g. the narrow band noise frequency. ...

Let Ω be a circular domain, that is, an open disk with finitely many closed disjoint disks removed. Denote by H(Ω) the Banach algebra of all bounded holomorphic functions on Ω, with pointwise operations and the supremum norm. We show that the topological stable rank of H(Ω) is equal to 2. The proof is based on Suarez’s theorem that the topological stable rank of H(D) is equal to 2, where D is t...

— Let Ω be a circular domain, that is, an open disk with finitely many closed disjoint disks removed. Denote by H(Ω) the Banach algebra of all bounded holomorphic functions on Ω, with pointwise operations and the supremum norm. We show that the topological stable rank of H(Ω) is equal to 2. The proof is based on Suarez’s theorem that the topological stable rank of H(D) is equal to 2, where D is...

‎‎The purpose of this paper is to introduce new methods for constructing generalized groups, generalized topological groups and top spaces. We study some properties of these structures and present some relative concrete examples. Moreover, we obtain generalized groups by using of Hilbert spaces and tangent spaces of Lie groups, separately.

Abelian string and particle braiding in topological order: Modular SL(3,Z) representation and (3 + 1)-dimensional twisted gauge theory." Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you...