Measurements are presented from the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment ~SSX! @M. R. Brown, Phys. Plasmas 6, 1717 ~1999!# showing a population of superthermal, super-Alfvénic ions with Ē >90 eV and Emax>200 eV accelerated by reconnection activity in three-dimensional magnetic structures. These energetic ions are temporally and spatially correlated with three-dimensional magnetic reconnection events...

We introduce a class of models of the bounded arithmetic theory PVn. These models, which are generated by their tally part, have a curious feature : they have end-extensions or satisfy BΣn only in case they are closed under exponentiation. As an application, we show that if I∆0 + ¬exp BΣ1 then the polynomial hierarchy does not collapse. This paper is concerned with bounded theories of arithmeti...

We calculate the equation of state of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter in the threeloop approximation of chiral perturbation theory. The contributions to the energy per particle Ē(kf ) from oneand two-pion exchange diagrams are ordered in powers of the Fermi momentum kf (modulo functions of kf/mπ). It is demonstrated that, already at orderO(k4 f ), two-pion exchange produces realistic nuclear b...

A new framework to study electroweak physics at one-loop level in general SU(2)L ×U(1)Y theories is introduced. It separates the 1-loop corrections into two pieces: process specific ones from vertex and box contributions and the universal ones due to contributions to the gauge boson propagators. The latter are parametrized in terms of four effective form factors, ē(q), s̄(q), ḡ Z(q ), and ḡ W (q...

For a quantum mechanical system with broken supersymmetry, it is demonstrated that reformulation of the problem as that of a (1 + 1)-D Dirac equation allows an easy determination of the ground state if the corresponding energy eigenvalue is sufficiently small. A simple expression is derived for the approximate ground state energy in an associated, wellseparated, asymmetric double-well-type pote...

In gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, messengers transmit SUSY breaking from a partially hidden sector to the standard model sector via common standard model gauge interactions. The minimal set of messengers has quantum numbers of a 5 + 5̄ of SU(5); identical to the quantum numbers of the minimal Higgs sector of an SU(5) GUT. We show in a simple model with messenger masses of order the GUT sca...

We consider in details the effects of the 13-mixing (sin θ13) and of the type of mass hierarchy/ordering (sign[∆m13]) on neutrino signals from the gravitational collapses of stars. The observables (characteristics of the energy spectra of νe and ν̄e events) sensitive to sin θ13 and sign[∆m 2 13] have been calculated. They include the ratio of average energies of the spectra, rE ≡ 〈E〉/〈Ē〉, the ra...

We present several recent examples of the generic approach to nonlinear problems. In this approach, instead of considering, for instance, the convergence of an algorithm, one investigates an appropriate space of algorithms equipped with some natural complete metric and shows that convergence does indeed occur for most algorithms there. As we shall see, sometimes one can show that the complement...

Born’s reciprocal relativity in flat spacetimes is based on the principle of a maximal speed limit (speed of light) and a maximal proper force (which is also compatible with a maximal and minimal length duality) and where coordinates and momenta are unified on a single footing. We extend Born’s theory to the case of curved spacetimes and construct a deformed Born reciprocal general relativity t...