The design and construction of shallow-buried tunnels in densely populated urban areas involve many challenges. The ground movements induced by tunneling effects pose potential risks to infrastructure such as surface buildings, pipelines, and roads. In this paper, a case study of the Zhongjie subway station located in Shenyang, China, is examined to investigate the key construction techniques a...

This paper aimed to analyze stress distribution in human zygomatic pillar during masseter muscle contraction using three-dimensional finite element analysis. A three-dimensional model and hemi facial skull were produced based on CT-scan data. An adult male skull with structural anatomy integrity was used as model. Muscles forces were applied at origin of elevator muscles and supports was applie...

OBJECTIVE The increased use of bypass surgery in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases requires a better understanding of the superficial temporal artery (STA) anatomy. This study is to describe the gross anatomy of STA in adult Korean population with respect to cranial surgery and to provide basic anatomic data for bypass surgery. METHODS The study evaluated retrospectively 35 p...

Background During orbitozygomatic (OZ) approaches, the frontotemporal branch (FTB) of the facial nerve is exposed to injury if proper measures are not taken. This article describes in detail the nuances of the two most common techniques (interfascial and subfascial dissection). Design The FTB of the facial nerve was dissected and followed in its tissue planes on fresh-frozen cadaver heads. The ...

Different treatment modalities are described in literature to treat mandibular recurrent dislocation, including intracapsular esclerosant injections, articular eminence reduction, soft tissues suture to limit condilar movement, and grafts or implants to create mechanical interference, like zygomatic arch down fracture or articular eminence increase by bone plates. In this paper, a patient with ...

The pterion which marks the union of 4 bones of the cranium is located superior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the frontozygomatic suture. It is an important neurosurgical landmark for the lateral/pterional approach and has racial differences in both its location and pattern of union of the bones. This study aims to analyze the location and types of pterion in adult Nigerian skulls. Bil...

The Purpose of this study To document the etiology and clinical data of patients with fractures of the zygomatic complex and to compare the findings with other studies in the literature Patients and Methods: This crosssectional study was performed from January 2011 to December 2012, One hundred and sixty patients with zygomatic fracture were admitted to Oral & maxillofacial department of Imam R...

Background: Pterion is a very crucial landmark. Thus, the present study was conducted to study pterion from morphometric as well as surgical point of view and its relation with underlying brain structures. Material and methods: The current study was conducted on 46 pterion in dry, adult human skulls and 20 in cadaveric skulls. Various types of pterion and their distance from other landmarks wer...

Specimens of the extinct sloth genus Neocnus recovered from northwestern La Altagracia Province, Dominican Republic exhibit a unique zygomatic arch. The arch consists jugal anteriorly fused to maxilla and ligament fully ossified between process temporal bone. Evidence novel ossification is seen in adult juvenile individuals. This occurrence also unexpected as individuals are 40 times smaller th...