47 Advance detection and green extension schemes are widely applied in practice as a typical 48 solution to the safety issues associated with the intersection dilemma zone (DZ) problem. Most 49 existing detector configurations were either developed based on the traditional Type I DZ model 50 in which some critical contributing factors were assumed static, or based on generic Type II DZ. 51 A co...

Tunnel–bridge–tunnel groups (TBTGs) are emerging roads that often involve simple road alignments, but complex driving environments. Investigating crashes occurred in TBTGs is essential for revealing the environment–adaptability relationships such roads. This study seeks to analyze crash characteristics of component sections with different environments and compare impact differences key factor o...

Background and Objectives: Patient Safety Culture is increasingly recognized as an essential driver of patient safety. To establish patient safety culture, firstly the current status of the construct should be assessed. Valid assessment of patient safety culture is contingent on the availability of appropriate measurement tools. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) developed by th...

For a market with an atomless continuum of assets, we formulate the intuitive idea of a ‘‘well-diversified’’ portfolio, and present a notion of ‘‘exact arbitrage’’, strictly weaker than the more conventional notion of ‘‘asymptotic arbitrage’’, and necessary and sufficient for the validity of an APT pricing formula. Our formula involves ‘‘essential’’ risk, one based on a specific index portfolio...

In geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), the buoyant CO2 plume eventually accumulates under the caprock. Due to interfacial tension between the CO2 phase and the water phase, a capillary transition zone develops in the plume. This zone contains supercritical CO2 as well as water with dissolved CO2. Under the plume, a diffusive boundary layer forms. We study how cross-flow between the capi...

In this article, an exact analysis of compressors spool in a turbojet engine has been investigated. The spool is modeled as a rotating thick-walled hollow circular cylinder with free-clamp ends. It is subjected to centrifugal load due to its constant rotational speed, uniform internal and external radial loads and arbitrary thermal gradients. The analysis is initially investigated for the homog...