We report on and analyze the results of an energy use survey in two tribal villages in rural Maharashtra, India. Though there is significant heterogeneity between the effects of the variables in the two villages there are some robust results. We find modest evidence for the ‘energy ladder’ hypothesis and that use of higher quality energy sources reduces total energy use, ceteris paribus. Income...

For a class of dissipative nonlinear systems, it is shown that an iISS gain can be computed directly from the corresponding supply function. The result is used to prove the convergence to zero of the state whenever the input signal has bounded energy, where the energy functional is determined by the supply function.