Using the MU radar at Shigaraki, Japan (34.85°N, 136.10°E), we measure the power distribution pattern of VHF radar echoes from the mid-troposphere. The large number of radar beam-pointing directions (320) allows the mapping of echo power from 0° to 40° from zenith, and also the dependence on azimuth, which has not been achieved before at VHF wavelengths. The results show how vertical shear of t...

introduction: analysis of smile is one of the esthetic evaluations in dentistry. in the present study, gla, lid, the long axis position and the oblique axial angle of each tooth were evaluated. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional analytical study, 80 subjects with properly-aligned teeth and healthy periodontium were selected. a digital camera was to take photos of lip areas in unifor...

We have performed a detailed study of the zenith angle dependence of the regeneration factor and distributions of events at SNO and SK for different solutions of the solar neutrino problem. In particular, we discuss oscillatory behaviour and the synchronization effect in the distribution for the LMA solution, the parametric peak for the LOW solution, etc. . . Physical interpretation of the effe...

Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimu...

In this study, an attempt has been made to define the geometry of sensor and source position to best relate plant biophysical parameters with bidirectional reflectance of wheat varieties varying in canopy architecture and to validate the performance of PROSAIL radiative transfer model. A field experiment was conducted with two wheat cultivars varying in canopy geometry and phenology. The bidire...

The nitrate radical (NO3) has been detected in visible limb-scattered spectra measured by the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) onboard the Odin satellite when observing at large solar zenith angles (91–97). Apparent slant column densities of NO3 at tangent heights between 10 and 45 km are derived via spectral fitting in the 610–680 nm window. Using observations from mult...

[1] The vertical structure of the nightside ionosphere of Mars and its dependence on solar zenith angle are currently poorly determined, as is the importance of two key sources of nightside plasma, electron precipitation and transport of dayside plasma. We examined 37 electron density profiles of the ionosphere of Mars at solar zenith angles of 101 –123 obtained by the Mars Express Radio Scienc...

We have generated UHE cosmic ray showers using the CORSIKA program and the QGSJet hadronic interaction code, and have simulated the response of the HiRes detector to the showers. We included in the simulation the triggering and DAQ characteristics of the detector and the background sky noise. We processed these Monte Carlo events with the same analysis program run on HiRes data. To efficiently ...