BACKGROUND Skin cancer is a growing public health problem in South Africa due to its high ambient ultraviolet radiation environment. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual health system costs of cutaneous melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in South Africa, incorporating both the public and private sectors. METHODS A cost-of-illness study was u...

Glioblastoma, the most dangerous and aggressive type of CNS tumor, appears resistant to many chemotherapy drugs. In patient-derived glioma cell lines NULU ZAR, which exhibit drug-resistant phenotypes, we investigated effect combined AE (Aloe-emodin) TMZ (temozolomide) found a significant additive inhibitory on growth promising cytotoxic both compared treatment with single agents. We also examin...

Magic is “a concept used to describe a mode of rationality or way of thinking that looks to invisible forces to influence events, effect change in material conditions, or present the illusion of change” (Encyclopedia Britannica s.v. magic). “Magic and sorcery are the influencing of events, objects, people, and physical phenomena by mystical, paranormal or supernatural means. The terms can also ...

The use of desalination technologies which produce concentrated brines is acutely limited by inadequate waste brine disposal mechanisms such that the brine does not contaminate fresh water resources. The treatment of highly saline brine using freeze desalination technique trade marked as HybridICE technology was investigated at pilot scale. The capacity of the HybridICE process to generate fres...