OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To develop a growth model of the minimum cross-sectional area of the normal pediatric trachea with measurements from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to supplement the clinical criteria used to determine if a child with tracheal stenosis needs surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective imaging review. METHODS A total of 81 patients were imaged for a variety of clinical reason...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Parents of children who are overweight often fail to accurately identify their child's weight status. Although these misperceptions are presumed to be a major public health concern, little research has examined whether parental perceptions of child weight status are protective against weight gain during childhood. Our objective was to examine whether parental perception...

OBJECTIVE To assess the growth curves of uninfected infants born to type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seropositive mothers by means of standardised anthropometric indices. METHODS The z scores (National Center for Health Statistics-World Health Organization data) of weight for age, length for age, and weight for length of 92 uninfected full term infants born to HIV positive mothers ...

Objective: Parental practices that aim at increasing children's physical activity were found to be related to children's physical activity. So far, however, the association between these two sets of variables was studied without considering the moderating role of children's BMI z-score, which may determine the effectiveness of parental practices. The present study aims at filling this void. Des...

Population-level analysis of dietary influences on nutritional status is challenging in part due to limitations in dietary intake data. Household expenditure surveys, covering recent household expenditures and including key food groups, are routinely conducted in low- and middle-income countries. These data may help identify patterns of food expenditure that relate to child growth. OBJECTIVES...

Which Period of Growth Is Determinant for Blood Pressure? To the Editor: Jones et al nicely showed that blood pressure at the age of 10 years was strongly associated with growth during and after infancy and much more than with both prenatal and early postnatal growth. This may suggest that the period of growth before the age of 10 years is a critical period for the determination of blood pressu...

BACKGROUND The presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are two risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. The inter-relatedness of these factors among adolescents is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of MetS for identifying IGT in an unselected group of adolescents undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in the National Health and N...

INTRODUCTION Prolonged treatment with levothyroxine 4 (L-T4) is a well known risk factor for osteoporosis. Patients on L-T4 replacement occasionally have a subnormal TSH, which carries a risk of development of bone loss. Thyroid hormones directly affect bone cells, stimulating osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity with a predominance of bone resorption and decrease of bone mineral density (BMD...