The recent introduction into the Western World of ephedrine, an alkaloid of the Chinese drug Ma Huang which has been included in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for five thousand years, has stimulated study of other obscure Chinese drugs. In order to view the field in its true perspective, a brief survey of the history of Chinese medicine, particularly in relation to the Chinese materia mnedica, is e...

Contribution of tourism development to protected area management: local stakeholder perspectives Jianying Xu a , Yihe Lü b , Liding Chen b & Yang Liu b a College of Resource, Environment and Tourism , Capital Normal University , Beijing, China b State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for EcoEnvironmental of Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beij...

BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue (CF) reflects an imbalance of inter-organ functions or of the four essential physiological components qi, blood (xue), yin, and yang. CF can be subdivided into different patterns. However, there are no diagnostic methods for CF. This study aimed to clinically validate a pattern identification method by identifying correlations between CF and responses to the qi blood ...

Aim. To evaluate how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutions of Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu, and Stasis are related in type 2 diabetes patients. Method. Seven hundred and five subjects were recruited in 2010 for this study from a Diabetes Shared Care Network in Taiwan. Generic and disease-specific HRQOL were assessed by the short form 36 (SF-36) and the d...

Let D denote a disk of unit area. We call a set A ⊂ D perfect if it has measure 1/2 and, with respect to any axial symmetry of D, the maximal symmetric subset of A has measure 1/4. We call a curve β in D an yin-yang line if • β splits D into two congruent perfect sets, • β crosses each concentric circle of D twice, • β crosses each radius of D once. We prove that Fermat’s spiral is a unique yin...

Previous studies have reported phonetic characteristics of the Shanghai Chinese phonological voicing contrast, which cooccurs with a tonal contrast. In stressed word-initial position, phonetic voicing is neutralized and replaced with a tonal register contrast: high ‘yin’ tones for (phonologically) voiceless and low ‘yang’ tones for voiced obstruents. Furthermore, breathy vs. modal voice quality...