We report the use of in situ Raman spectroscopy as a probe for the effect of power on microwave-promoted Suzuki coupling reactions. We find that increased initial microwave power leads to greater acceleration of the reaction but that the product yield obtained is essentially independent of initial microwave power. The application of simultaneous cooling lengthens the reaction time but does not ...

Organic solvent, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Cellulose, Acceleration Effect, Glucose Yield Effect of organic solvents on enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloses was studied. It was found that toluene and xylene can accelerate the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of filter paper and cellulose powder. The addition of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and alcohols was negative effect for the enzymatic...

Plants utilize variation in day length (photoperiod) to anticipate seasonal changes. They respond by modulating their growth and development to maximize seed production, which in cereal crops is directly related to yield. In wheat (Triticum aestivum), the acceleration of flowering under long days (LD) is dependent on the light induction of PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) by phytochromes. Under LD, PPD1 act...

BACKGROUND Wrist-worn accelerometers are emerging as the most common instrument for measuring physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies, though little is known about the relationship between wrist acceleration and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). METHODS 1695 UK adults wore two devices simultaneously for six days; a combined sensor and a wrist accelerometer. The com...

We have previously shown in experimental cardiac cell monolayers that rapid point pacing can convert basic functional reentry (single spiral) into a stable multiwave spiral that activates the tissue at an accelerated rate. Here, our goal is to further elucidate the biophysical mechanisms of this rate acceleration without the potential confounding effects of microscopic tissue heterogeneities in...

Plants utilize variation in day length (photoperiod) to anticipate seasonal changes. They respond by modulating their growth and development to maximize seed production, which in cereal crops is directly related to yield. In wheat (Triticum aestivum), the acceleration of flowering under long days (LD) is dependent on the light induction of PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) by phytochromes. Under LD, PPD1 act...

in this paper, chebyshev acceleration technique is used to solve the fuzzy linear system (fls). this method is discussed in details and followed by summary of some other acceleration techniques. moreover, we show that in some situations that the methods such as jacobi, gauss-sidel, sor and conjugate gradient is divergent, our proposed method is applicable and the acquired results are illustrate...

on the circular curve, lateral acceleration affects comfort. on the spiral, both lateral acceleration and jerk affect comfort.  the determination of maximum curving speed on the basis of lateral acceleration only is not critical because the lateral acceleration is proportional to the square of speed whereas jerk is proportional to cubic power of speed. the maximum speed on a curve is thus signi...

nowadays, using public transportation vehicles like metro in large cities are of significance, and exposure to whole-body vibration for the metro passengers is one of the physical contaminations. this paper is conducted with the aim of evaluating the passengers’ convenience and health both in sitting and standing conditions. the present study was done on the passengers of lines 1, 2, and 4 of t...