In contrast to its immediate neighbors, for over a century Hungary has had a seriously declining birth rate. This paper aims to provide an overview of this anomaly through a historical perspective by considering the major findings of a series of demographic studies that identify the key factors behind falling levels of fertility. It does so by focusing on four major periods. The first period co...

BACKGROUND Debates exist as to whether, as overall population health improves, the absolute and relative magnitude of income- and race/ethnicity-related health disparities necessarily increase-or decrease. We accordingly decided to test the hypothesis that health inequities widen-or shrink-in a context of declining mortality rates, by examining annual US mortality data over a 42 year period. ...

In the early 1970s, the War on Poverty appeared to be near a successful conclusion. In 1960, 18.1 percent of American families were living in poverty. But by 1973, the poverty rate of American families had fallen to 8.8 percent. Over this thirteen-year period there was an equally impressive reduction in the percentage of families living near poverty. The percentage of families below 125 percent...

The period total first abortion rate (TFAR) has been used to estimate the proportion of women who will experience an induced abortion in their reproductive lifetime. It is a hypothetical measure as age-specific rates currently existing will change with time. Instead, a cohort TFAR has been calculated for women born around 1955 using legal-abortion reports in South Australia to calculate first a...

IN T R O D U C TIO N In 1960, there were over 73 million motor vehicles in the United States. Approximately 12 million (17 per cent) of these were trucks and buses while the remaining 61 million (83 per cent) were passenger cars. Trucks traveled approximately 130 billion miles for that year and transported 38 per cent of the total tonnage of goods (1600 million tons), and passenger cars travele...

The variation of hydrological conditions in the basin affects original stable state basin, and change eco-hydrological also plays a decisive role stability basin. In this manuscript, Indicators Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) was used to diagnose watershed from perspective, new diagnostic method proposed current study, which extraction most relevant indicators based on similar year sensitive index ...

Having started working in the field of amphibian embryology over 50 years ago, I make some comments about the changes that seem to me to have taken place in this field over this period. Over the period 1885 to 1960, much of the highly regarded experimental embryology was conducted on amphibian eggs and embryos. Indeed, much of this work was conducted in Germany and Switzerland using eggs and em...

[1] A 30-year satellite record of sea ice extents derived mostly from satellite microwave radiometer observations reveals that the Arctic sea ice extent decreased by 0.30 ± 0.03 10 km/10 yr from 1972 through 2002, but by 0.36 ± 0.05 10km/10yr from 1979 through 2002, indicating an acceleration of 20% in the rate of decrease. In contrast, the Antarctic sea ice extent decreased dramatically over t...

BACKGROUND The true causes of the obesity epidemic are not well understood and there are few longitudinal population-based data published examining this issue. The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in occupational physical activity during the past 5 decades and explore how these trends relate to concurrent changes in body weight in the U.S. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Analys...

From 1930 to 1960, surgery was the dominant modality used to palliate the disease of patients with advanced breast cancer. It was during this period that ovariectomy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy came to be widely used. Patients were not cured of their disease, but certainly objective re sponses and symptomatic relief were obtained. The next period in the treatment of breast cancer was the...