The foundations of the ISIS were formed following the US-led invasion of Iraq (2003). The ISIS or the ISIL was formed by the insurgents of the Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn, also known as the al-Qaeda in Iraq (aQI). This group has been given the title of “terrorist organization” by the United Nations, European Union, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and many others. ISIS now contr...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. This study describes an outbreak of HEV infection in Al-Sadr city, Baghdad. Blood samples obtained from patients with jaundice attending 19 primary health care centres in AI-Sadr city during a 6-month period in 2005 were tested for HEV. HEV (IgM) antibodies were detected in 38.1% of 268 patients. The assoc...

I read with interest the study by Seidahmed et al 1 on the epidemiology of neural tube defects (NTDs). It has inspired me to throw light on the continuously growing health problem of NTDs in Iraq, and compare it with the data from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). I would like to address the following 3 points. First, Seidahmed et al 1 mentioned that the prevalence of NTDs was 1.2/1000 live bi...

AIM (a) To determine the spatial distributions and levels of major and minor elements, as well as heavy metals, in water, sediment, and biota (plant and fish) in Al-Hammar Marsh, southern Iraq, and ultimately to supply more comprehensive information for policy-makers to manage the contaminants input into the marsh so that their concentrations do not reach toxic levels. (b) to characterize the s...

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting one-third of the world population with potentially serious health implications. Aim study: To find prevalence and risk factors Toxoplasma gondii infection among females in Al-Anbar, Iraq. Methodology: Over an eight-month period from (1st November 2021 to 30th June 2022), 200 visiting private veterinary clinics Al-Anbar (92 owned c...

AIMS The aim of the survey was to establish whether PTSD is present among Polish soldiers returning from a one-year deployment to Iraq and an analysis of its individual symptoms. METHODS Sixty soldiers were examined, including 30 who returned from the Iraqi mission and 30 who remained in Poland. Five analysing devices were used: (IPSA), (STAI), (BDI), a PTSD questionnaire and a socio-demograp...

A total of 9 samples wild cat Felischausfurax (de Winton, 1898) and 13 (11 positives) domestic Feliscattus (Linnaeus, 1758) belong to Family Felidae. All cats were trapped used hair skin scrapings by forceps surgical blades. The areas the collection were: Mosul province (north Iraq); Baghdad, Al-Rashidiya, Tharthar, Nahrawan, AL-Mahmoudiya (middle Iraq) AL-Haretha (south Iraq). current study re...

Cigarettes smoking had many hazardous effects on the general health of humans including the oral health. Thus, passive smokers may be affected by different types of related diseases. Aim of the study: This study was designed to assess dental caries and some salivary constituents among a group of children affected by passive smoking in comparison with control group. Material and methods: The stu...

Tigris River is a major source to supply water for big part of Iraq. Lately, Iraq has experienced shortage problems such as variability in climate and the building huge dams upstream countries (Turkey Iran). In this work, total dissolved salts (T.D.S.) were measured at fourteen sites on two periods year 2014. The first period consisted six rainy-months (April–September) second covered non-rainy...