Tanshinones are abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone natural products found in a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The copalyl diphosphate synthase of S. miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) is the key enzyme in the first step for transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into miltiradiene, which has recently been identified as the precursor of tanshinones. Bas...

The effect of the concentration of a mixture (1/1 [wt/wt]) of yeast extract and bioTrypcase (YE+bT) on the growth and physiology of a new species, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, a moderately thermophilic, non-spore-forming, lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from palm wine, was studied. At an initial glucose concentration of 100 mM, B. thermoamylovorans growth was limited when the concentrat...

Bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell suspensions were submitted to autolysis at various pH values (4.0, 5.5, 7.0 and 8.5) and with chemical autolysis promoters (ethyl acetate, chitosan). In one series of assays, bacterial contaminants were added at 10 CFU/ml. Autolysis yields, total nitrogen (total N) and a-amino nitrogen (a-amino N) composition as well as turbidity of the yeast extrac...

BACKGROUND/OBSECTIVE Airway inflammation by eosinophils, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is a characteristic feature of asthma that leads to pathological subepithelial thickening and remodeling. Our previous study showed that oxidative stress in airways resulted in eosinophilia and epithelial apoptosis. The current study investigated whether glutathione-containing dry yeast extract (dry-YE...

Yeast extracts (YE) contain biological response modifiers that may be useful as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling pathogens in poultry production and mitigating the deleterious effects of production stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of a commercial dietary YE (Alphamune) to modulate the immune response in male turkey poults challenged with Esch...

This study was to examine the effects of yeast extract (YE) and its fractions (YE1 and YE2) on the growth and diepoxin ζ (a spirobisnaphthalene with a diversity of bioactivities) production in liquid culture of Berkleasmium-like endophytic fungus Dzf12 from Dioscorea zingiberensis. When YE was applied to the liquid medium at 10 g/L on day 3 of culture, the diepoxin ζ production was most effecti...

Yersinia heat-shock protein 60 (Ye-hsp60) has recently been found to be a dominant CD4 and CD8 T cell Ag in Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. The nature of this response with respect to the epitopes recognized and functional characteristics of the T cells is largely unknown. CD4+ T cell clones specific for Ye-hsp60 were raised from synovial fluid mononuclear cells from a patient with Yersi...