Bilevel programming (see Bilevel programming: formulation) is ideally suited to model situations where the decision maker does not have full control over all decision variables. Five such situations are described in this article. The rst example involves the improvement of a road network through either capacity expansion , traac signals synchronization, vehicle guidance systems, etc. While mana...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an inhibitory neuromodulator expressed abundantly in the central nervous system that is suspected of being an endogenous antiepileptic agent that can control propagation of limbic seizures. Electrophysiological and pharmacological data suggest that these actions of NPY are mediated by G protein-coupled NPY Y2 and NPY Y5 receptors. To determine whether the NPY Y5 receptor...

Approximately 75% of installed offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are supported by monopiles, a foundation whose design is dominated by lateral loading. Monopiles are typically designed using the p-y method which models soil-pile resistance using decoupled, nonlinear elastic Winkler springs. Because cyclic soil behavior is difficult to predict, the cyclic py method accounts for cyclic soil-pile inte...

well-known seismic design codes have offered an alternative equivalent static procedure for practical purposes instead of verifying design trials with complicated step-y-step dynamic analyses. such a pattern of base-shear distribution over the building height will enforce its special stiffness and strength distribution which is not necessarily best suited for seismic design. the present study, ...

stability analysis and g*e interaction of eight commercial monogerm cultivars of sugar beet were evaluated in three years at 11 major sugar beet producing locations karaj, mashhad, miandoab, esfahan, shiraz, kermanshah, kerman, moghan, hamedan, khoy, and brojerd. a randomized complete block design with four replications was used.in each location cultivars  rasoul, shirin, univers, orbis, 7112hy...

A quasi-symmetric design is a (v, k, λ) design with two intersection numbers x, y where 0 ≤ x < y < k. We show that for fixed x, y, λ with x > 1, λ > 1, y = λ and λ (4xy + ((y − x) − 2x− 2y + 1)λ) a perfect square of a positive integer, there exist finitely many quasi-symmetric designs. We rule out the possibilities of quasi-symmetric designs corresponding to y = x + 3 and (λ, x) = (9, 2), (8, ...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) in fixed lingual retention as an alternative to stainless steel. METHODS Exploratory Y-TZP specimens were milled to establish design parameters. Next, the specimens were milled according to ASTM standard C1161-13 and subjected to 4-point flexural tests to determine material properties. F...

Recent results in the smoothing oj’signals ji-om linear s~.s[ems~i~h gaussian input and nleasurement noise hate provided new perspectives on receiuer design. The particular new results and fierspectioes discussed in this paper are [hose concernilz,qthe importa?z[ class of’ ‘on line’>jil~ers known as filters with delq, lag-jilters, or)xedIOLT smoothers. Fixed-lag smoothers are now su$cient(y dev...