The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding insect from Asia, was identified in 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus sp.) mortality in southeastern Michigan and Essex County, Ontario. Most larvae overwinter as nonfeeding prepupae in the outer sapwood or thick bark of large trees. In a series of studies, we evaluated effects of grindi...

The extraction of hemicelluloses prior to pulping is an attractive process to be incorporated in the pulp and paper mills to generate valuable by-products such as xylose and xylo-oligomers in addition to core products. This paper investigates the impact of xylan extraction by dilute acid on cooking conditions, pulp yield and properties during kraft and soda-AQ pulping of Eucalyptus grandis wood...

Hemicelluloses can be removed from wood chips prior to mechanical pulping, which would offer new feedstocks for the production of chemicals and fuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-extraction to maximize pre-extraction yield, while minimizing negative impacts on wood chips. The effects of three independent process variables (NaOH charge, pre-extraction temperature, and time) on thre...

This study was Characteristics of manufacture particleboard (PB) from sedar and wood slab of impregnated with UF. The chips were divided into coarse chips with dimensions of 2-4 mesh and fine chips of 30–60 mesh, urea formaldehyde (UF) resin solution at concentrations of 45 %, and 55% sprayed on these chips about 1 min until 10% to dry weight chips, they were dried under 5% moisture in a dram d...

Lodgepole wood chips were pretreated by sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) at 25% solids loading and 180 °C for 20 min with sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfite charges of 2.2 and 8 wt/wt% on an oven-dry wood basis, respectively. The pretreated wood chips were disk-milled with pretreatment spent liquor and water, and the solid fraction was separated from the...

This study established a novel process using sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust and efficient bioconversion of softwoods. The process consists of sulfite treatment of wood chips under acidic conditions followed by mechanical size reduction using disk refining. The results indicated that after the SPORL pretreatment of spruce chips with 8-10% bisu...

A recently developed esterifi cation method in our laboratory was applied to permanent hydrophobization of wood surfaces. Specifi cally, the covalent attachment of fl uoroorganyl substituents to wood hydroxy groups via benzotriazolyl-activated, substituted benzoic acids was in focus. Weight percent gain values from 10 % to 28 % were obtained on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) sapwood veneer chi...

This study investigated the effects of chemical pretreatment and disk-milling conditions on energy consumption for size-reduction and the efficiency of enzymatic cellulose saccharification of a softwood. Lodgepole pine wood chips produced from thinnings of a 100-year-old unmanaged forest were pretreated by hot-water, dilute-acid, and two SPORL processes (Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalci...

Wood extractives, commonly referred to as pitch, cause major problems in the manufacturing of pulp and paper. Treatment of nonsterile southern yellow pine chips for 14 days with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas campestris, and Serratia marcescens reduced wood extractives by as much as 40%. Control treatments receiving only water lost 11% of extractives due to the growth of ...

Horse paddocks have been identified as a significant contributor of animal waste nutrients to natural waters; thus, modified paddock management is needed. Because chemical amendments pose a health risk to horses, an alternative for reducing nutrient translocation from manure is to add available organic residues to the soil. To examine the feasibility of outdoor use of organic materials to reduc...