Background: Critical care physicians often have to make challenging decisions withhold/withdraw life-sustaining treatments. As a result of society's increasingly cultural diversity such decision making involves patients from ethnic minority groups, which might pose extra challenges. Objective: To investigate withholding/withdrawing treatments with groups and their families during critical care....

to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza symbiosis in increased tolerance to drought stress in wheat (triticum aestivum) an outdoor greenhouse experiment was conducted at islamic azad university, sabzevar branch in 2012-2013. experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. factors were: mycorrhiza fungi type (glomus mosseae, glomus i...

Palliative care in newborns may take place in the delivery room and then continued either in maternity wards or in the neonatal unit. For babies developing a chronic condition, going home may be advantageous. The population concerned includes babies born with a severe intractable congenital malformation and certain extremely preterm newborn babies at the limits of viability. Care procedures as ...

The withdrawal, withholding, or implementation of life-sustaining treatments such as artificial nutrition and hydration challenge nurses on a daily basis. To meet these challenges, nurses need the composite skills of moral and ethical discernment, practical wisdom and a knowledge base that justifies reasoning and actions that support patient and family decision making. Nurses' moral knowledge d...

This paper addresses the possibility of capacity withholding by energy producers, who seek to increase the market price and their own profits. The energy market is simulated as an iterative game, where each state game corresponds to an hourly energy auction with uniform pricing mechanism. The producers are modeled as agents that interact with their environment through reinforcement learning (RL...

BACKGROUND Public opinion polls indicate that a majority of Canadians are in favour of euthanasia. However, there have been many criticisms of the validity of these findings. The objective of this study was to assess public opinion towards euthanasia while controlling for possible threats to validity indicated in the literature review. METHODS A telephone public opinion poll was conducted in ...

effects of the last irrigation time on quantitative and qualitative traits were studied for two sugar beet cultivars with intermediate and long growth periods. this research was conducted in the field of agricultural and natural resources research center of khorasan at mashhadin 1381. six treatments of withholding irrigation were applied on the cultivars using a spilit plot design within a rand...