background existence of fluoride in drinking water above the permissible level causes human skeletal fluorosis. objectives electrocoagulation by iron and aluminum electrodes was proposed for removing fluoride from drinking water. materials and methods effects of different operating conditions such as treatment time, initial ph, applied voltage, type and number of electrodes, the spaces between ...

The ventral spinal roots contain the axons of spinal motoneurons and provide the only location in the peripheral nervous system where recorded neural activity can be assured to be motor rather than sensory. This study demonstrates recordings of single unit activity from these ventral root axons using floating microelectrode arrays (FMAs). Ventral root recordings were characterized by examining ...

We have analyzed the geoelectric response produced by three cavities cut into different geological substrata of granite, phyllite, and sandstone that had previously been characterized by direct methods. We also examined a mining void excavated in granite. In each case, we applied three different geoelectric arrays (Wenner-Schlumberger, Wenner and dipole-dipole) and several inter-electrode spaci...

Sol-gel and polymeric membrane electrodes, based on thiacalix[4]arene as a neutral carrier, weresuccessfully developed for the detection of VO2+ in aqueous solutions. The sol-gel and PVCmembrane electrodes exhibited linear response with Nernstian slopes of 29.3 and 28.4 mV perdecade, respectively, within the vanadyl ion concentration ranges from 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1mol dm-3 and from 1.0 × 1...

it is very important to study and simulate s-wave structure for near surface (alluvium parts, in particular) owing to its direct relationship to urban facilities in geotechnical and earthquake engineering studies. so, in seismic microzonation, the first step is to study and identify s-wave pattern in alluvium in order to categorize different parts of cites according to s-wave velocity. current ...

this study presents a comparison between aluminum and iron plate electrodes on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation process. the effectiveness of main operational parameters such as initial ph, initial phosphate concentration and current density were examined. in addition, treated solution and sludge characteristics, energy consumption and electrode mass depletion w...

An electrochemical cell based on electrodes of near-atomically-smooth platinum on mica surfaces with an interelectrode gap width (ro) adjustable with piezoelectric drive elements with a resolution of ca. 1 8, for distances of 0 to >500 nm is described. Measurements of the steady-state current for solutions of Fe(CN),3-/4show good agreement with electrochemical thin layer cell equations derived ...

The present work presents a strategic sequential experimental planning to evaluate the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous medium by electrocoagulation combined with dissolved air flotation. Effect electrode pairs, spacing, contact time, initial pH, voltage, and pressure were optimized according following response variables: color, final turbidity, removal. best-achieved conditions were:...

Plasmonic nanostructures have been shown to act as optical antennas that enhance optical devices. This study focuses on computational electromagnetic (CEM) analysis of GaAs photodetectors with gold interdigital electrodes. Experiments have shown that the photoresponse of the devices depend greatly on the electrode spacing and the polarization of the incident light. Smaller electrode spacing and...

Strain monitoring is a nondestructive inspection method that can reveal the redistribution of internal forces, or the presence of anomalous loadings, in structures. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are small, robust, inexpensive solid-state components in which a wave propagates along the surface of a piezoelectric material, and such devices are used in large numbers commercially as delay dev...