there are strong relationship and common neural mechanism between working memory, short term storage, executive attention and fluid intelligence.  therefore we can consider these constructs as integrated construct as fluid cognition. to verify this claim, we implemented forward and backward digit and letter spam, visual memory spam. counting spam, stroop, wisconsin card, keep track and cattle i...

chess is considered as a cognitive game because of severe engagement of the mental resources during playing. the purpose of this study is evaluation of frontal lobe function of chess players with matched non-players. wisconsin card sorting test (wcst) data showed no difference between the player and non-player groups in preservation error and completed categories but surprisingly showed signifi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single bout of walking on mood, psychophysiologic responses, and executive function in elderly adults. METHODS Twenty healthy, elderly adults (10 women and 10 men; mean age 70.50 ± 3.4 years) participated in this study. Mood, as assessed by the Profile of Mood States, and salivary α-amylase activity were examined before and ...

A composite artificial neural network model is proposed to simulate the performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a test of executive functions where prefrontal deficits are matched to some quantitative measures such as percentage of perseverative errors and number of failures to maintain set. In this work, the proposed model is used to simulate the perf...

ôbjective: ëmotional intelligence (ëï) is a set of competencies that enable us to engage in sophisticated information processing of emotions and emotion-relevant stimuli and to use this information as a guide for thinking and behavior. prefrontal cortexes (pfç) of brain and related regions have an important role in emotion and emotional regulation. âccordingly, we conducted a study to investiga...

OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated reduced prefrontal cortical blood flow and metabolism in depression, but the neurobehavioral significance of these observations is not yet established. METHOD The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a widely used neuropsychological index of prefrontal cortical function, was administered to 79 patients with major depression who had been unmedicated for...