In a previous report, we compared the properties of lamina V neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn in wild-type mice and in mice with a deletion of the preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) gene, which encodes substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA). The mutant mice had pronounced deficits in the response to thermal stimulation, both before and after mustard oil induced sensitization. Here, we extended o...

Transgenic Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] plants overproducing the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (ECS) or glutathione synthetase (GS) were shown previously to have increased levels of the metal-binding thiol peptides phytochelatins and glutathione, and enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation. Furthermore, transgenic Indian mustard plants overexpressing adenosine triphos...

measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence is noninvasive, highly sensitive, fast and easy way to give important information about the photosynthetic apparatus. chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and kautsky curves of wild oat and wild mustard sprayed by clodinafop and dicamba+2, 4-d respectively was investigated at two green house experiments. the results indicated significant reduction at trend...

Allelopathy refers to the chemical inhibition or stimulation of one species by another which could influence on the growth or germination of other plant and used in control of weed in agricultural practices. In this sense in order to study the possibly allelopathic effects of lemon balm, bitter apple and lemon verbena medicinal plants on control of wild mustard weed, a laboratory experiment was...

Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (L.) Kaltenbach is a perpetual annual threat in the cultivation of rapeseed- mustard (Brassica spp.) crop in tropical and sub-tropical climate. Cultivated Brassica germplasm has failed so far to provide any source of resistance. Wild germplasm is a potential source of resistance against many threatening herbivores. On wild germplasm screening, we noted that the w...

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) are two competitive broad-leaved weeds commonly found in cereals Europe, while several weed species have developed resistance to the main herbicides that applied on these crops. Thus, implementation of integrated management (IWM) programs is great importance. Field experiments were conducted based a split-plot d...

Seed dormancy of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) could be changed through seed storing. The seeds were collected from four regions: Fars, West Azarbaijan, Khuzestan and Mazandaran provinces. They were stored at three different temperatures (-18, +3 and 22-25°C) for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months. They were then put under suitable condition for germination. Mean germination time for seeds was measure...

There is an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and economical screening tests that can deter‐ mine if weeds surviving a herbicide application are resistant. This chapter describes de‐ velopment and application of a simple root length bioassay technique for detection of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. This bioassay was performed in 2-oz WhirlPak® bags fi...