This paper aims at obtaining universal laws and absolute lower bounds of feedback systems using information theory. The feedback system setup is that with causal plants and causal controllers. Three laws (entropy rate never decreases, generalized Bode integral, and absolute lower bound in variance minimization) are obtained, which are in entropy domain, frequency domain, and time domain, respec...

The power, privilege, and oppression paradigm that most schools of social work currently espouse to are often taught through an experiential approach whiteness, privileging the majority white students with opportunity explore their identity at expense learning Black/Brown, Indigenous, People Color (BIPOC) in classroom. Many BIPOC experience these courses as a hostile environment, finding themse...

enzymatic browning and formation of brown pigments are some of the most important problems in preparation of mushroom purees. in this study, the effect of some anti browning agents including sodium metabisulphite, ascorbic acid, and citric acid on the whiteness and foaming properties of mushroom purees was investigated. the results showed that soaking with acids and sodium metabisulphite signif...

Appearance of rice grain is an important property, affecting its acceptance by consumers. Moreover, appearance is a complex characteristic involving many components, including glossiness and whiteness. The genetic bases for the glossiness of cooked rice and the whiteness of polished rice (WPR) were determined using 133 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two closely rel...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, microhardness and morphology of human enamel exposed to six bleaching agents (at baseline and post-treatment). Human dental enamel samples were obtained from human third molars and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 11): control, Whiteness Perfect 10% carbamide peroxide (10% CP), Colgate Platinum 10% CP, Day White 2Z 7.5% hydroge...

Bleaching of polymeric materials can be achieved by blending or surface treatment with fluorescent brighteners, FBs [1]. In both cases the FB migrates with time, and the degree of whiteness decreases. The introduction of polymerizable groups into the FB makes it applicable in the copolymerization process with vinyl monomers, resulting in the formation of covalent bonds in the polymer molecule. ...

Broadband wireless channels, where high data rates are transmitted, are extremely dispersive in nature. A fundamental challenge in the design of equalizers for the broadband case lies in reducing complexity. Broadband finite impulse response (FIR) beamformers employ a space-time antenna array which reduces the multipath delay spread to narrowband levels. The beamformers should additionally pres...