OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the regional effects of type 2 diabetes and associated conditions on cerebral tissue volumes and cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: CBF was examined in 26 diabetic (age 61.6 ± 6.6 years) and 25 control subjects (age 60.4 ± 8.6 years) using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) imaging during baseline, hyperven...

Introduction In acute to early subacute middle cerebral arterial stroke, the mean diffusivity (MD) is more reduced in white matter (WM) than in gray matter (GM) [1]. Moreover, the temporal evolution of MD and fractional anisotropy (FA) is different for WM and GM with varying degree of WM damage at three months [2]. The apparent diffusion kurtosis (ADK) has previously been proposed for visualiza...

Background Microstructural evidence of white matter (WM) dysmaturation in the brains of newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) using MRI has been previously shown [1]. Further, delayed WM development confers an increased risk of WM injury before and after neonatal cardiac surgery [2]. WM injury is associated with a high incidence of subsequent neurodevelopmental deficits and fetal interve...

BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging is a neuroimaging method that quantifies white matter (WM) integrity and brain connectivity based on the diffusion of water in the brain. White matter has been hypothesized to be of great importance in the development of schizophrenia as part of the dysconnectivity model. Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), is a rare, severe form of the illness that resemble...

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) have been inconsistent in demonstrating impairments in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) structures in bipolar disorder (BD). This may be a consequence of significant confounding effects of medication, illness history and selection of controls in existing studie...

The aim of this study was to explore whether there are networks of regions where maturation of white matter and changes in brain activity show similar developmental trends during childhood. In a previous study, we showed that during childhood, grey matter activity increases in frontal and parietal regions. We hypothesized that this would be mediated by maturation of white matter. Twenty-three h...

Adaptive working memory (WM) training may lead to cognitive benefits that are associated with white matter plasticity in parietofrontal networks, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated white matter microstructural changes after adaptive WM training relative to a nonadaptive comparison group. Microstructural changes were studied in the superior longitudinal fasci...

White matter (WM) microstructural declines have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the pattern of WM microstructural changes in aMCI after controlling for WM atrophy is unknown. Here, we address this issue through joint consideration of aMCI alterations in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusi...

Our objective was to investigate the volumetric correlates of speech in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Twenty-three ALS patients had a structural 3D MRI scan, neuropsychological, linguistic and speech assessments. Twenty-three healthy adults of comparable age, education, white-matter hyperintensity load and intracranial volumes were also recruited. Between-group differences in grey matter...

The magnitude and phase images derived from high resolution T2* weighted MRI at high field strength have been used to reveal laminar contrast in the gray (GM) matter and fiber bundle-like structure in the white matter (WM) of the human brain [1,2]. Interestingly, this contrast is quite variable within cortical gray matter and within subcortical areas near the border between GM and white matter....