Metaphor comprehension involves an interaction between the meaning of the topic and the vehicle terms of the metaphor. Meaning is represented by vectors in a high-dimensional semantic space. Predication modifies the topic vector by merging it with selected features of the vehicle vector. The resulting metaphor vector can be evaluated by comparing it with known landmarks in the semantic space. T...

in the safavid period, as opposed to previous periods such as the timurid era, there is not any discussion of organology in musical treatises and authors had just referred to the name of some instruments. thus, in order to investigate in this field, it is necessary to study other worthwhile historical sources. in the discussed historical period, there are lots of travel accounts which contain i...

This article proposes a new method of analyzing metaphorical expressions from a linguistic perspective. By comparing a metaphorical text and its unmetaphorized version, we suggest that a small set of lexical differences can lead to totally different interpretations. The proposed method captures this phenomenon by 1) describing how phrases in a text link to situational concepts and 2) representi...

This paper presents a novel framework that links imprecision (through a fuzzy approach) and stochastic uncertainty (through a Bayesian approach) in estimating flood probabilities from historical flood information and systematic flood discharge data. The method exploits the linguistic characteristics of historical source material to construct membership functions, which may be wider or narrower,...