Collectivism is better than individualism as the former holds the community together more than the latter do. Paradoxically, individualists tend to believe that there are universal values that should be shared by all, while collectivists tend to accept that different groups have different values. Many of the Asian cultures are collectivist, while Anglo cultures tend to be individualist. This pa...

the purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship of cultural context, thinking styles and achievement motivation with academic achievement among behavioral sciences students from university of tehran. three hundred and three students (96 boys, 207 girls), selected through stratified sampling method, answered a questionnaire, which consisted individualism / collectivism & power d...

The authors examined the links between two dimensions that have been useful in understanding cross-cultural differences and similarities, namely, individualism-collectivism (I-C) and value orientations. The authors examined the relations and parallels between the two variables by directly relating them and examining the patterns of relations that both have with a third variable, religiosity. Pa...

In psychological research on cultural differences, the distinction between individualism and collectivism has received the lion's share of attention as a fundamental dimension of cultural variation. In recent years, however, these constructs have been criticized as being ill-defined and "a catchall" to represent all forms of cultural differences. The authors argue that there is a conceptual con...

Pathogenic diseases impose selection pressures on the social behaviour of host populations. In humans (Homo sapiens), many psychological phenomena appear to serve an antipathogen defence function. One broad implication is the existence of cross-cultural differences in human cognition and behaviour contingent upon the relative presence of pathogens in the local ecology. We focus specifically on ...

Employees' level of trust in leaders has long been deemed an important key to successful organizational dynamics and performance. Utilizing survey data, the current study investigates differences in levels of trust between one's immediate manager and the organization's top leadership, the impact of individualism/collectivism on these levels of trust, and the influence of leader-follower distanc...

Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conXict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible beneWt of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualis...

The cross-cultural research abound in instruments used to measure individualism and collectivism (27 scales measures various forms of individualism and/or collectivism; Oyserman et al., 2002). The present article takes a closer look at two of the most widely used measures in this literature (Singelis, Triandis, Bhawuk, and Gelfand, 1995; Triandis and Gelfand, 1998) and hilights their psychometr...