How should one understand knowledge-wh ascriptions? That is, how should one understand claims such as ‘‘I know where the car is parked,’’ which feature an interrogative complement? The received view is that knowledge-wh reduces to knowledge that p, where p happens to be the answer to the question Q denoted by the wh-clause. I will argue that knowledge-wh includes the question—to know-wh is to k...

In this work we examine the distribution of wh-in-situ and short (i.e., clause internal) wh-doubling in Northern Italian dialects with purpose showing that are not unitary phenomena, since they subject to different distributional properties across dialects. We show cannot be reduced a single analysis but rather corresponds family phenomena which have common basic procedure feature doubling, wit...

This paper, through a close examination, builds missing links between three types of focus constructions in Japanese: Cleft, Sluicing, and socalled ‘No da’ in-situ focus construction. Adopting Rizzi’s (1997) articulated CP clause architecture, we demonstrate that these missing links are provided with a syntactic explanation. We also discuss a syntaxphonology interface phenomenon, namely, the in...

The mainstream literature on the Romance dialects of northern Italy has explained morphosyntax clause-internal wh-elements in answer-seeking interrogatives as either result interrogative movement into lower portion high left periphery (Munaro et al. 2001, Poletto & Pollock 2015, a.o.), or a canonical instance scope construal (Manzini Savoia 2005;2011). New empirical evidence from suggests t...

Chechen exhibits three major strategies for the combination of clauses: coordination, chaining, and subordination. The major formal characteristics of these three traditional categories of clause linking are discussed with reference to their basic syntax and semantics as well as to more particular syntactic characteristics, including constituent order and behaviour with respect to negation and ...

Using the self-paced reading paradigm, the present study examines whether highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German (English first language) use case-marking information during the on-line comprehension of unambiguous wh-extractions, even when task demands do not draw explicit attention to this morphosyntactic feature in German. Results support previous findings, in that both th...

It is a standard assumption that subordinate clauses like relative, embedded declarative, and interrogative clauses in natural language vary according to their morphosyntactic and semantic characteristics. Their morphosyntactic variation is expressed in the presence/absence of a wh-word, a relative pronoun, or an overt complementizer; syntactic transparency (embedded declaratives) or opacity (e...

This paper discusses some microvariation found in main clause wh-questions in Norwegian dialects, where V2 (verb-second) word order occurs alongside non-V2. The microvariation is related to the type of wh-constituent present and is argued to represent different stages of a diachronic development (see also Vangsnes 2005, Westergaard 2005). The paper investigates a corpus of spontaneous speech fr...

Across many languages, multiple sluicing obeys a clausemate constraint. This can be understood on the empirically well-supported assumption that covert phrasal wh-movement is clause-bounded and subject to Superiority. We provide independent evidence for syntactic structure at ellipsis site locality constraints movement operations within site. The fact distribution of substantially narrower than...

This paper describes a general metarule treatment of English whconstructions (relative clauses, and questions ) in the context of a broad -coverage logic grammar that also includes an extensive metarule treatment of co-ordinate conjunction . ' Vh-constructions pose difficulties for parsing , due to their introduction of a dependency between the wh-word (e.g., which ) and a corresponding gap in ...