This paper presents a new method for measuring and classifying spatter in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by optical monitoring of the weld pool and surrounding area via a high-frame-rate camera. Image processing and tracking algorithms are described that extract and classify individual spatter events from raw camera images. This new sensor is then used to investigate the relationship between work...

Electron beam welding has shown a remarkable job in the space industry for welding of components. It is performed under a vacuum environment that eliminates foreign matter such as hydrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Joining of similar and dissimilar materials is the main advantage of electron beam welding with high depth to width ratio as well as sharp focus at the point where parts are to be we...

About one million workers worldwide are engaged in welding processes, where they are exposed to a complex mixture of inhalable pollutants. Adverse effects in the respiratory system can occur due to this occupational exposure. Currently, legislative limits only exist for inhalable and alveolar particles. However, epidemiologic and toxicologic studies show that especially ultrafine particles (UFP...

Controlled metal transfer in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) implies controllable weld quality. To understand, analyse and control the metal transfer process, the droplet should be monitored and tracked. To process the metal transfer images in double-electrode GMAW (DE-GMAW), a novel modification of GMAW, a brightness-based algorithm is proposed to locate the droplet and compute the droplet size a...

Under HSE’s wide-ranging initiative to bring about a reduction in occupational disease arising from exposure to dusts, gases, vapours and fumes, welders have been identified as an ‘at risk’ group. The initial stage in this process is to identify and set out the underlying evidence base for the potential ill-health effects arising from inhalation exposure. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to ...

The purpose of this review of the last ten years' publications was to show our nresent knowledge ahout welding-fume effects on the respiratory system. Welding generates particles and gases which are characteristic for the method used and the material welded. Various investigations to determine if respiratory system diseases occur more often in welders than in others not exposed have yielded div...

Friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding techniques were employed to weld armor grade aluminum alloy to investigate the effect of welding processes on tensile behavior of weld joints. Tensile tests, Vicker microhardness tests and optical microscopy were performed on developed weld joints and base metal. Welding process influenced tensile behavior and microstructure of weld joints. F...

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) is one of the widely used techniques for joining ferrous and non-ferrous metal.Gas tungsten arc welding process,consist of non-consumable tungsten electrode which is used to provide the arc for welding. During the welding cycle a shield of inert gas expels the air from the welding area and prevents oxidation of the electrode, w...

Titanium alloys have found increased applications in various industrial sectors. One of the critical issues in quality control is the weld penetration during welding. In the present paper, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with and without an activating flux was conducted. The effect of the activating flux on Ti alloy welding was investigated. A data acquisition system was use...