A radical polymer is an aliphatic organic polymer bearing densely populated unpaired electrons in the pendant robust radical groups per repeating unit. These radicals’ unpaired electrons are characterized by very fast electron-transfer reactivity, allowing reversible charging as the electrode-active materials for secondary batteries. Organic-based radical batteries have several advantages over ...

Abstract Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are important parts of banking reform, which can increase the synergies reduce costs banks. To analyze effect importance M&A in reform period, we measure productivity change China’s banks who completed during 2004– 2018, by using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. First, incorporate process deposits producing profit earning as str...

Allocating a fixed cost among set of peer decision-making units (DMUs) is one the most important applications data envelopment analysis. However, almost all existing studies have addressed allocation (FCA) problem within traditional framework while ignoring existence undesirable outputs. Undesirable outputs are neither scarce in various production activities real world nor trivial efficiency ev...

Among the bovine diseases, mastitis causes high economic losses in dairy production system. Nowadays, detection under field conditions is mainly performed by California Mastitis Test, which considered de facto standard. However, this method presents with problems of slowness and expensiveness chemical-reactive process, deeply dependent on an expert’s trained eye and, consequently, highly imprec...

This paper develops a new nonparametric model for efficiency estimation. In contrast to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), it does not impose debatable production assumptions like free disposability and convexity, and it does not assume that the data are measured without error. The estimators are asymptotically unbiased and have an asymptotic variance that is comparable to that of stochastic fron...

Supply chain management is essential for the success of firms and customer satisfaction. In addition, a suitable performance evaluation system is vital to the effective management of the supply chain. Due to the importance of cost management in the supply chain, an approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed in the current study for evaluating the cost efficiency of closed-loo...